Configuration

Configuration#

PyPSA-Eur has several configuration options which are documented in this section.

Configuration Files#

Any PyPSA-Eur configuration can be set in a .yaml file. The default configurations config/config.default.yaml and config/plotting.default.yaml are maintained in the repository and cover all the options that are used/ can be set.

To pass your own configuration, you can create a new file, e.g. my_config.yaml, and specify the options you want to change. They will override the default settings and options which are not set, will be inherited from the defaults above.

Another way is to use the config/config.yaml file, which does not exist in the repository and is also not tracked by git. But snakemake will always use this file if it exists. This way you can run snakemake with a custom config without having to specify the config file each time.

Configuration order of precedence is as follows: 1. Command line options specified with --config (optional) 2. Custom configuration file specified with --configfile (optional) 3. The config/config.yaml file (optional) 4. The default configuration files config/config.default.yaml and config/plotting.default.yaml

To use your custom configuration file, you need to pass it to the snakemake command using the --configfile option:

$ snakemake -call --configfile my_config.yaml

Warning

In a previous version of PyPSA-Eur (<=2025.04.0), a full copy of the created config was stored in the config/config.yaml file. This is no longer the case. If the file exists, snakemake will use it, but no new copy will be created.

`version`#

version: v2025.07.0

`tutorial`#

tutorial: false

`logging`#

logging:
  level: INFO
  format: "%(levelname)s:%(name)s:%(message)s"

`remote`#

“Remote” indicates the address of a server used for data exchange, often for clusters and data pushing/pulling.

remote:
  ssh: ""
  path: ""

`run`#

It is common conduct to analyse energy system optimisation models for multiple scenarios for a variety of reasons, e.g. assessing their sensitivity towards changing the temporal and/or geographical resolution or investigating how investment changes as more ambitious greenhouse-gas emission reduction targets are applied.

The run section is used for running and storing scenarios with different configurations which are not covered by Wildcards. It determines the path at which resources, networks and results are stored. Therefore the user can run different configurations within the same directory.

run:
  prefix: ""
  name: ""
  scenarios:
    enable: false
    file: config/scenarios.yaml
  disable_progressbar: false
  shared_resources:
    policy: false
    exclude: []
  use_shadow_directory: false

`foresight`#

foresight: overnight

Note

If you use myopic or perfect foresight, the planning horizon in The {planning_horizons} wildcard in scenario has to be set.

`scenario`#

The scenario section is an extraordinary section of the config file that is strongly connected to the Wildcards and is designed to facilitate running multiple scenarios through a single command

# for electricity-only studies
$ snakemake -call solve_elec_networks

# for sector-coupling studies
$ snakemake -call solve_sector_networks

For each wildcard, a list of values is provided. The rule solve_all_elec_networks will trigger the rules for creating results/networks/base_s_{clusters}_elec_{opts}.nc for all combinations of the provided wildcard values as defined by Python’s itertools.product(…) function that snakemake’s expand(…) function uses.

An exemplary dependency graph (starting from the simplification rules) then looks like this:

scenario:
  clusters:
  - 50
  opts:
  - ""
  sector_opts:
  - ""
  planning_horizons:
  - 2050

`countries`#

countries:
- AL
- AT
- BA
- BE
- BG
- CH
- CZ
- DE
- DK
- EE
- ES
- FI
- FR
- GB
- GR
- HR
- HU
- IE
- IT
- LT
- LU
- LV
- ME
- MK
- NL
- 'NO'
- PL
- PT
- RO
- RS
- SE
- SI
- SK
- XK

`snapshots`#

Specifies the temporal range to build an energy system model for as arguments to pandas.date_range

snapshots:
  start: "2013-01-01"
  end: "2014-01-01"
  inclusive: left

`enable`#

Switches for some rules and optional features.

enable:
  drop_leap_day: true

`co2 budget`#

co2_budget:
0.72
0.648
0.45
0.25
0.1
0.05
0.0

Note

this parameter is over-ridden if Co2Lx or cb is set in sector_opts.

`electricity`#

electricity:
  voltages:
  - 220.0
  - 300.0
  - 330.0
  - 380.0
  - 400.0
  - 500.0
  - 750.0
  base_network: osm
  gaslimit_enable: false
  gaslimit: false
  co2limit_enable: false
  co2limit: 77500000.0
  co2base: 1487000000.0
  operational_reserve:
    activate: false
    epsilon_load: 0.02
    epsilon_vres: 0.02
    contingency: 4000
  max_hours:
    battery: 6
    H2: 168
  extendable_carriers:
    Generator:
    - solar
    - "solar-hsat"
    - onwind
    - "offwind-ac"
    - "offwind-dc"
    - "offwind-float"
    - OCGT
    - CCGT
    StorageUnit: []
    Store:
    - battery
    - H2
    Link: []
  powerplants_filter: "(DateOut >= 2024 or DateOut != DateOut) and not (Country ==\
    \ 'Germany' and Fueltype == 'Nuclear')"
  custom_powerplants: false
  everywhere_powerplants: []
  conventional_carriers:
  - nuclear
  - oil
  - OCGT
  - CCGT
  - coal
  - lignite
  - geothermal
  - biomass
  renewable_carriers:
  - solar
  - "solar-hsat"
  - onwind
  - "offwind-ac"
  - "offwind-dc"
  - "offwind-float"
  - hydro
  estimate_renewable_capacities:
    enable: true
    from_gem: true
    year: 2020
    expansion_limit: false
    technology_mapping:
      Offshore: "offwind-ac"
      Onshore: onwind
      PV: solar
  autarky:
    enable: false
    by_country: false
  transmission_limit: vopt

Details

Configuration for electricity settings.
properties
voltages	Voltage levels to consider.
	type	array
	items	type	number
base_network	Specify the underlying base network, i.e. GridKit (based on ENTSO-E web map extract), OpenStreetMap (OSM), or TYNDP.
	type	string
	enum	entsoegridkit, osm, tyndp
gaslimit_enable	Add an overall absolute gas limit configured in electricity: gaslimit.
	type	boolean
gaslimit	Global gas usage limit.
	anyOf	type	number
		type	boolean
co2limit_enable	Add an overall absolute carbon-dioxide emissions limit configured in electricity: co2limit in prepare_network. Warning: This option should currently only be used with electricity-only networks, not for sector-coupled networks.
	type	boolean
co2limit	Cap on total annual system carbon dioxide emissions.
	type	number
co2base	Reference value of total annual system carbon dioxide emissions if relative emission reduction target is specified in {opts} wildcard.
	type	number
operational_reserve	Configuration for electricity.operational_reserve settings.
	properties
	activate	Whether to take operational reserve requirements into account during optimisation.
		type	boolean
	epsilon_load	share of total load.
		type	number
	epsilon_vres	share of total renewable supply.
		type	number
	contingency	Fixed reserve capacity (MW).
		type	number
max_hours	Configuration for electricity.max_hours settings.
	properties
	battery	Maximum state of charge capacity of the battery in terms of hours at full output capacity p_nom. Cf. [PyPSA documentation](https://pypsa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/components.html#storage-unit).
		type	number
	H2	Maximum state of charge capacity of the hydrogen storage in terms of hours at full output capacity p_nom. Cf. [PyPSA documentation](https://pypsa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/components.html#storage-unit).
		type	number
extendable_carriers	Configuration for electricity.extendable_carriers settings.
	properties
	Generator	Defines existing or non-existing conventional and renewable power plants to be extendable during the optimization. Conventional generators can only be built/expanded where already existent today. If a listed conventional carrier is not included in the conventional_carriers list, the lower limit of the capacity expansion is set to 0.
		type	array
		items	type	string
	StorageUnit	Adds extendable storage units (battery and/or hydrogen) at every node/bus after clustering without capacity limits and with zero initial capacity.
		type	array
		items	type	string
	Store	Adds extendable storage units (battery and/or hydrogen) at every node/bus after clustering without capacity limits and with zero initial capacity.
		type	array
		items	type	string
	Link	Adds extendable links (H2 pipelines only) at every connection where there are lines or HVDC links without capacity limits and with zero initial capacity. Hydrogen pipelines require hydrogen storage to be modelled as Store.
		type	array
		items	type	string
powerplants_filter	Filter query for the default powerplant database.
	anyOf	type	string
		type	boolean
custom_powerplants	Filter query for the custom powerplant database.
	anyOf	type	string
		type	boolean
everywhere_powerplants	List of conventional power plants to add to every node in the model with zero initial capacity. To be used in combination with extendable_carriers to allow for building conventional powerplants irrespective of existing locations.
	type	array
	items	type	string
conventional_carriers	List of conventional power plants to include in the model from resources/powerplants_s_{clusters}.csv. If an included carrier is also listed in extendable_carriers, the capacity is taken as a lower bound.
	type	array
	items	type	string
renewable_carriers	List of renewable generators to include in the model.
	type	array
	items	type	string
estimate_renewable_capacities	Configuration for electricity.estimate_renewable_capacities settings.
	properties
	enable	Activate routine to estimate renewable capacities in rule add_electricity. This option should not be used in combination with pathway planning foresight: myopic or foresight: perfect as renewable capacities are added differently in add_existing_baseyear.
		type	boolean
	from_gem	Add renewable capacities from [Global Energy Monitor’s Global Solar Power Tracker](https://globalenergymonitor.org/projects/global-solar-power-tracker/) and [Global Energy Monitor’s Global Wind Power Tracker](https://globalenergymonitor.org/projects/global-wind-power-tracker/).
		type	boolean
	year	Renewable capacities are based on existing capacities reported by IRENA (IRENASTAT) for the specified year.
		type	integer
	expansion_limit	Artificially limit maximum IRENA capacities to a factor. For example, an expansion_limit: 1.1 means 110% of capacities. If false are chosen, the estimated renewable potentials determine by the workflow are used.
		anyOf	type	number
			type	boolean
	technology_mapping	Configuration for electricity.estimate_renewable_capacities.technology_mapping settings.
		properties
		Offshore	PyPSA-Eur carrier that is considered for existing offshore wind technology (IRENA, GEM).
			type	string
		Onshore	PyPSA-Eur carrier that is considered for existing onshore wind capacities (IRENA, GEM).
			type	string
		PV	PyPSA-Eur carrier that is considered for existing solar PV capacities (IRENA, GEM).
			type	string
autarky	Configuration for electricity.autarky settings.
	properties
	enable	Require each node to be autarkic by removing all lines and links.
		type	boolean
	by_country	Require each country to be autarkic by removing all cross-border lines and links. electricity: autarky must be enabled.
		type	boolean
transmission_limit	Limit on transmission expansion. The first part can be v (for setting a limit on line volume) or c (for setting a limit on line cost). The second part can be opt or a float bigger than one (e.g. 1.25). If opt is chosen line expansion is optimised according to its capital cost (where the choice v only considers overhead costs for HVDC transmission lines, while c uses more accurate costs distinguishing between overhead and underwater sections and including inverter pairs). The setting v1.25 will limit the total volume of line expansion to 25% of currently installed capacities weighted by individual line lengths. The setting c1.25 will allow to build a transmission network that costs no more than 25 % more than the current system.
	type	string

`atlite`#

Define and specify the atlite.Cutout used for calculating renewable potentials and time-series. All options except for features are directly used as cutout parameters.

atlite:
  default_cutout: "europe-1940-2024-era5"
  nprocesses: 16
  show_progress: false
  cutouts:
    "europe-1940-2024-era5":
      module: era5
      x:
      - -12.0
      - 42.0
      y:
      - 33.0
      - 72.0
      dx: 0.3
      dy: 0.3
      time:
      - '1940'
      - '2024'
      chunks:
        time: 500
      prepare_kwargs:
        features:
        - temperature
        - height
        - runoff
        sarah_dir: null
        monthly_requests: true
        tmpdir: ./cutouts_tmp/

`renewable`#

`onwind`#

Note

Notes on capacity_per_sqkm. ScholzPhd Tab 4.3.1: 10MW/km^2 and assuming 30% fraction of the already restricted area is available for installation of wind generators due to competing land use and likely public acceptance issues.

Note

The default choice for corine grid_codes was based on Scholz, Y. (2012). Renewable energy based electricity supply at low costs development of the REMix model and application for Europe. ( p.42 / p.28)

`offwind-x`#

Details

Configuration for offshore wind.
properties
cutout	Specifies the weather data cutout file(s) to use.
	anyOf	type	string
		type	array
		items	type	string
resource	Configuration for wind resource settings.
	properties
	method	A superordinate technology type.
		type	string
	turbine	Specifies the turbine type and its characteristic power curve. Can be a string or a dictionary with years as keys which denote the year another turbine model becomes available.
		anyOf	type	string
			type	object
	smooth	Switch to apply a gaussian kernel density smoothing to the power curve.
		type	boolean
	add_cutout_windspeed	Whether to add cutout windspeed data.
		type	boolean
resource_classes	Number of resource classes per clustered region.
	type	integer
capacity_per_sqkm	Allowable density of wind turbine placement.
	type	number
correction_factor	Correction factor for capacity factor time series.
	type	number
corine	Specifies areas according to CORINE Land Cover codes which are generally eligible for AC-connected offshore wind turbine placement.
	type	array
	items	type	integer
luisa	Specifies areas according to the LUISA Base Map codes which are generally eligible for AC-connected offshore wind turbine placement.
	anyOf	type	boolean
		type	array
		items	type	integer
natura	Switch to exclude [Natura 2000](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natura_2000) natural protection areas. Area is excluded if true.
	type	boolean
ship_threshold	Ship density threshold from which areas are excluded.
	type	number
max_depth	Maximum sea water depth in meters at which wind turbines can be built. Maritime areas with deeper waters are excluded in the process of calculating the AC-connected offshore wind potential.
	anyOf	type	number
		type	null
min_depth	Minimum water depth in meters.
	anyOf	type	number
		type	null
max_shore_distance	Maximum distance to the shore in meters above which wind turbines cannot be built. Such areas are excluded in the process of calculating the AC-connected offshore wind potential.
	anyOf	type	number
		type	null
min_shore_distance	Minimum distance to the shore in meters below which wind turbines cannot be built. Such areas close to the shore are excluded in the process of calculating the AC-connected offshore wind potential.
	anyOf	type	number
		type	null
excluder_resolution	Resolution in meters on which to perform geographical eligibility analysis.
	type	number
clip_p_max_pu	To avoid too small values in the renewables` per-unit availability time series values below this threshold are set to zero.
	type	number
landfall_length	Fixed length of the cable connection that is onshorelandfall in km. If ‘centroid’, the length is calculated as the distance to centroid of the onshore bus.
	anyOf	type	number
		type	string

Configuration for offshore wind.
properties
cutout	Specifies the weather data cutout file(s) to use.
	anyOf	type	string
		type	array
		items	type	string
resource	Configuration for wind resource settings.
	properties
	method	A superordinate technology type.
		type	string
	turbine	Specifies the turbine type and its characteristic power curve. Can be a string or a dictionary with years as keys which denote the year another turbine model becomes available.
		anyOf	type	string
			type	object
	smooth	Switch to apply a gaussian kernel density smoothing to the power curve.
		type	boolean
	add_cutout_windspeed	Whether to add cutout windspeed data.
		type	boolean
resource_classes	Number of resource classes per clustered region.
	type	integer
capacity_per_sqkm	Allowable density of wind turbine placement.
	type	number
correction_factor	Correction factor for capacity factor time series.
	type	number
corine	Specifies areas according to CORINE Land Cover codes which are generally eligible for AC-connected offshore wind turbine placement.
	type	array
	items	type	integer
luisa	Specifies areas according to the LUISA Base Map codes which are generally eligible for AC-connected offshore wind turbine placement.
	anyOf	type	boolean
		type	array
		items	type	integer
natura	Switch to exclude [Natura 2000](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natura_2000) natural protection areas. Area is excluded if true.
	type	boolean
ship_threshold	Ship density threshold from which areas are excluded.
	type	number
max_depth	Maximum sea water depth in meters at which wind turbines can be built. Maritime areas with deeper waters are excluded in the process of calculating the AC-connected offshore wind potential.
	anyOf	type	number
		type	null
min_depth	Minimum water depth in meters.
	anyOf	type	number
		type	null
max_shore_distance	Maximum distance to the shore in meters above which wind turbines cannot be built. Such areas are excluded in the process of calculating the AC-connected offshore wind potential.
	anyOf	type	number
		type	null
min_shore_distance	Minimum distance to the shore in meters below which wind turbines cannot be built. Such areas close to the shore are excluded in the process of calculating the AC-connected offshore wind potential.
	anyOf	type	number
		type	null
excluder_resolution	Resolution in meters on which to perform geographical eligibility analysis.
	type	number
clip_p_max_pu	To avoid too small values in the renewables` per-unit availability time series values below this threshold are set to zero.
	type	number
landfall_length	Fixed length of the cable connection that is onshorelandfall in km. If ‘centroid’, the length is calculated as the distance to centroid of the onshore bus.
	anyOf	type	number
		type	string

Configuration for offshore wind.
properties
cutout	Specifies the weather data cutout file(s) to use.
	anyOf	type	string
		type	array
		items	type	string
resource	Configuration for wind resource settings.
	properties
	method	A superordinate technology type.
		type	string
	turbine	Specifies the turbine type and its characteristic power curve. Can be a string or a dictionary with years as keys which denote the year another turbine model becomes available.
		anyOf	type	string
			type	object
	smooth	Switch to apply a gaussian kernel density smoothing to the power curve.
		type	boolean
	add_cutout_windspeed	Whether to add cutout windspeed data.
		type	boolean
resource_classes	Number of resource classes per clustered region.
	type	integer
capacity_per_sqkm	Allowable density of wind turbine placement.
	type	number
correction_factor	Correction factor for capacity factor time series.
	type	number
corine	Specifies areas according to CORINE Land Cover codes which are generally eligible for AC-connected offshore wind turbine placement.
	type	array
	items	type	integer
luisa	Specifies areas according to the LUISA Base Map codes which are generally eligible for AC-connected offshore wind turbine placement.
	anyOf	type	boolean
		type	array
		items	type	integer
natura	Switch to exclude [Natura 2000](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natura_2000) natural protection areas. Area is excluded if true.
	type	boolean
ship_threshold	Ship density threshold from which areas are excluded.
	type	number
max_depth	Maximum sea water depth in meters at which wind turbines can be built. Maritime areas with deeper waters are excluded in the process of calculating the AC-connected offshore wind potential.
	anyOf	type	number
		type	null
min_depth	Minimum water depth in meters.
	anyOf	type	number
		type	null
max_shore_distance	Maximum distance to the shore in meters above which wind turbines cannot be built. Such areas are excluded in the process of calculating the AC-connected offshore wind potential.
	anyOf	type	number
		type	null
min_shore_distance	Minimum distance to the shore in meters below which wind turbines cannot be built. Such areas close to the shore are excluded in the process of calculating the AC-connected offshore wind potential.
	anyOf	type	number
		type	null
excluder_resolution	Resolution in meters on which to perform geographical eligibility analysis.
	type	number
clip_p_max_pu	To avoid too small values in the renewables` per-unit availability time series values below this threshold are set to zero.
	type	number
landfall_length	Fixed length of the cable connection that is onshorelandfall in km. If ‘centroid’, the length is calculated as the distance to centroid of the onshore bus.
	anyOf	type	number
		type	string

Note

Notes on capacity_per_sqkm. ScholzPhd Tab 4.3.1: 10MW/km^2 and assuming 20% fraction of the already restricted area is available for installation of wind generators due to competing land use and likely public acceptance issues.

Note

Notes on correction_factor. Correction due to proxy for wake losses from 10.1016/j.energy.2018.08.153 until done more rigorously in #153

`solar`#

  solar:
    cutout: default
    resource:
      method: pv
      panel: CSi
      orientation:
        slope: 35.0
        azimuth: 180.0
      tracking: null
    resource_classes: 1
    capacity_per_sqkm: 5.1
    correction_factor: 1.0
    corine:
    - 1
    - 2
    - 3
    - 4
    - 5
    - 6
    - 7
    - 8
    - 9
    - 10
    - 11
    - 12
    - 13
    - 14
    - 15
    - 16
    - 17
    - 18
    - 19
    - 20
    - 26
    - 31
    - 32
    luisa: false
    natura: true
    excluder_resolution: 100
    clip_p_max_pu: 0.01
  "solar-hsat":
    cutout: default
    resource:
      method: pv
      panel: CSi
      orientation:
        slope: 35.0
        azimuth: 180.0
      tracking: horizontal
    resource_classes: 1
    capacity_per_sqkm: 4.43
    correction_factor: 1.0
    corine:
    - 1
    - 2
    - 3
    - 4
    - 5
    - 6
    - 7
    - 8
    - 9
    - 10
    - 11
    - 12
    - 13
    - 14
    - 15
    - 16
    - 17
    - 18
    - 19
    - 20
    - 26
    - 31
    - 32
    luisa: false
    natura: true
    excluder_resolution: 100
    clip_p_max_pu: 0.01

Note

Notes on capacity_per_sqkm. ScholzPhd Tab 4.3.1: 170 MW/km^2 and assuming 1% of the area can be used for solar PV panels. Correction factor determined by comparing uncorrected area-weighted full-load hours to those published in Supplementary Data to Pietzcker, Robert Carl, et al. “Using the sun to decarbonize the power sector – The economic potential of photovoltaics and concentrating solar power.” Applied Energy 135 (2014): 704-720. This correction factor of 0.854337 may be in order if using reanalysis data. for discussion refer to this <issue PyPSA/pypsa-eur#285>

`hydro`#

  hydro:
    cutout: default
    carriers:
    - ror
    - PHS
    - hydro
    PHS_max_hours: 6
    hydro_max_hours: energy_capacity_totals_by_country
    flatten_dispatch: false
    flatten_dispatch_buffer: 0.2
    clip_min_inflow: 1.0
    eia_norm_year: false
    eia_correct_by_capacity: false
    eia_approximate_missing: false

`conventional`#

Define additional generator attribute for conventional carrier types. If a scalar value is given it is applied to all generators. However if a string starting with “data/” is given, the value is interpreted as a path to a csv file with country specific values. Then, the values are read in and applied to all generators of the given carrier in the given country. Note that the value(s) overwrite the existing values.

conventional:
  unit_commitment: false
  dynamic_fuel_price: false
  nuclear:
    p_max_pu: data/nuclear_p_max_pu.csv

`lines`#

lines:
  types:
    63.0: "94-AL1/15-ST1A 20.0"
    66.0: "94-AL1/15-ST1A 20.0"
    90.0: "184-AL1/30-ST1A 110.0"
    110.0: "184-AL1/30-ST1A 110.0"
    132.0: "243-AL1/39-ST1A 110.0"
    150.0: "243-AL1/39-ST1A 110.0"
    220.0: "Al/St 240/40 2-bundle 220.0"
    300.0: "Al/St 240/40 3-bundle 300.0"
    330.0: "Al/St 240/40 3-bundle 300.0"
    380.0: "Al/St 240/40 4-bundle 380.0"
    400.0: "Al/St 240/40 4-bundle 380.0"
    500.0: "Al/St 240/40 4-bundle 380.0"
    750.0: "Al/St 560/50 4-bundle 750.0"
  s_max_pu: 0.7
  s_nom_max: .inf
  max_extension: 20000
  length_factor: 1.25
  reconnect_crimea: true
  under_construction: keep
  dynamic_line_rating:
    activate: false
    cutout: default
    correction_factor: 0.95
    max_voltage_difference: false
    max_line_rating: false

`links`#

links:
  p_max_pu: 1.0
  p_min_pu: -1.0
  p_nom_max: .inf
  max_extension: 30000
  length_factor: 1.25
  under_construction: keep

`transmission_projects`#

Allows to define additional transmission projects that will be added to the base network, e.g., from the TYNDP 2020 dataset. The projects are read in from the CSV files in the subfolder of data/transmission_projects/. New transmission projects, e.g. from TYNDP 2024, can be added in a new subfolder of transmission projects, e.g. data/transmission_projects/tyndp2024 while extending the list of transmission_projects in the config.yaml by tyndp2024. The CSV files in the project folder should have the same columns as the CSV files in the template folder data/transmission_projects/template.

transmission_projects:
  enable: true
  include:
    tyndp2020: true
    nep: true
    manual: true
  skip:
  - upgraded_lines
  - upgraded_links
  status:
  - under_construction
  - in_permitting
  - confirmed
  new_link_capacity: zero

`transformers`#

transformers:
  x: 0.1
  s_nom: 2000.0
  type: ""

`load`#

load:
  fill_gaps:
    enable: true
    interpolate_limit: 3
    time_shift_for_large_gaps: 1w
  manual_adjustments: true
  scaling_factor: 1.0
  fixed_year: false
  supplement_synthetic: true
  distribution_key:
    gdp: 0.6
    population: 0.4

`energy`#

Note

Only used for sector-coupling studies.

energy:
  energy_totals_year: 2019
  base_emissions_year: 1990
  emissions: CO2

`biomass`#

Note

Only used for sector-coupling studies.

biomass:
  year: 2030
  scenario: ENS_Med
  classes:
    solid biomass:
    - Agricultural waste
    - Fuelwood residues
    - "Secondary Forestry residues - woodchips"
    - Sawdust
    - Residues from landscape care
    not included:
    - Sugar from sugar beet
    - Rape seed
    - 'Sunflower, soya seed '
    - Bioethanol barley, wheat, grain maize, oats, other cereals and rye
    - Miscanthus, switchgrass, RCG
    - Willow
    - Poplar
    - FuelwoodRW
    - "C&P_RW"
    biogas:
    - Manure solid, liquid
    - Sludge
    municipal solid waste:
    - Municipal waste
  share_unsustainable_use_retained:
    2020: 1
    2025: 1
    2030: 0.66
    2035: 0.33
    2040: 0
    2045: 0
    2050: 0
  share_sustainable_potential_available:
    2020: 0
    2025: 0
    2030: 0.33
    2035: 0.66
    2040: 1
    2045: 1
    2050: 1

The list of available biomass is given by the category in ENSPRESO_BIOMASS, namely:

Agricultural waste
Manure solid, liquid
Residues from landscape care
Bioethanol barley, wheat, grain maize, oats, other cereals and rye
Sugar from sugar beet
Miscanthus, switchgrass, RCG
Willow
Poplar
Sunflower, soya seed
Rape seed
Fuelwood residues
FuelwoodRW
C&P_RW
Secondary Forestry residues - woodchips
Sawdust
Municipal waste
Sludge

`solar_thermal`#

Note

Only used for sector-coupling studies.

solar_thermal:
  clearsky_model: simple
  orientation:
    slope: 45.0
    azimuth: 180.0
  cutout: default

`existing_capacities`#

Note

Only used for sector-coupling studies. The value for grouping years are only used in myopic or perfect foresight scenarios.

existing_capacities:
  grouping_years_power:
  - 1920
  - 1950
  - 1955
  - 1960
  - 1965
  - 1970
  - 1975
  - 1980
  - 1985
  - 1990
  - 1995
  - 2000
  - 2005
  - 2010
  - 2015
  - 2020
  - 2025
  grouping_years_heat:
  - 1980
  - 1985
  - 1990
  - 1995
  - 2000
  - 2005
  - 2010
  - 2015
  - 2019
  threshold_capacity: 10
  default_heating_lifetime: 20
  conventional_carriers:
  - lignite
  - coal
  - oil
  - uranium

`sector`#

Note

Only used for sector-coupling studies.

sector:
  transport: true
  heating: true
  biomass: true
  industry: true
  shipping: true
  aviation: true
  agriculture: true
  fossil_fuels: true
  district_heating:
    potential: 0.6
    progress:
      2020: 0.0
      2025: 0.1
      2030: 0.25
      2035: 0.4
      2040: 0.55
      2045: 0.75
      2050: 1.0
    district_heating_loss: 0.15
    supply_temperature_approximation:
      max_forward_temperature_baseyear:
        FR: 110
        DK: 75
        DE: 109
        CZ: 130
        FI: 115
        PL: 130
        SE: 102
        IT: 90
      min_forward_temperature_baseyear:
        DE: 82
      return_temperature_baseyear:
        DE: 58
      lower_threshold_ambient_temperature: 0
      upper_threshold_ambient_temperature: 10
      rolling_window_ambient_temperature: 72
      relative_annual_temperature_reduction: 0.01
    ptes:
      dynamic_capacity: false
      supplemental_heating:
        enable: false
        booster_heat_pump: false
      max_top_temperature: 90
      min_bottom_temperature: 35
    ates:
      enable: false
      suitable_aquifer_types:
      - Highly productive porous aquifers
      aquifer_volumetric_heat_capacity: 2600
      fraction_of_aquifer_area_available: 0.2
      effective_screen_length: 20
      capex_as_fraction_of_geothermal_heat_source: 0.75
      recovery_factor: 0.6
      marginal_cost_charger: 0.035
      ignore_missing_regions: false
    heat_source_cooling: 6
    heat_pump_cop_approximation:
      refrigerant: ammonia
      heat_exchanger_pinch_point_temperature_difference: 5
      isentropic_compressor_efficiency: 0.8
      heat_loss: 0.0
      min_delta_t_lift: 10
    limited_heat_sources:
      geothermal:
        constant_temperature_celsius: 65
        ignore_missing_regions: false
      river_water:
        constant_temperature_celsius: false
    direct_utilisation_heat_sources:
    - geothermal
    temperature_limited_stores:
    - ptes
    dh_areas:
      buffer: 1000
      handle_missing_countries: fill
  heat_pump_sources:
    urban central:
    - air
    urban decentral:
    - air
    rural:
    - air
    - ground
  residential_heat:
    dsm:
      enable: false
      direction:
      - overheat
      - undercool
      restriction_value:
        2020: 0.06
        2025: 0.16
        2030: 0.27
        2035: 0.36
        2040: 0.38
        2045: 0.39
        2050: 0.4
      restriction_time:
      - 10
      - 22
  cluster_heat_buses: true
  heat_demand_cutout: default
  bev_dsm_restriction_value: 0.8
  bev_dsm_restriction_time: 7
  transport_heating_deadband_upper: 20.0
  transport_heating_deadband_lower: 15.0
  ICE_lower_degree_factor: 0.375
  ICE_upper_degree_factor: 1.6
  EV_lower_degree_factor: 0.98
  EV_upper_degree_factor: 0.63
  bev_dsm: true
  bev_dsm_availability: 0.5
  bev_energy: 0.05
  bev_charge_efficiency: 0.9
  bev_charge_rate: 0.011
  bev_avail_max: 0.95
  bev_avail_mean: 0.8
  v2g: true
  land_transport_fuel_cell_share:
    2020: 0
    2025: 0
    2030: 0
    2035: 0
    2040: 0
    2045: 0
    2050: 0
  land_transport_electric_share:
    2020: 0
    2025: 0.05
    2030: 0.2
    2035: 0.45
    2040: 0.7
    2045: 0.85
    2050: 1
  land_transport_ice_share:
    2020: 1
    2025: 0.95
    2030: 0.8
    2035: 0.55
    2040: 0.3
    2045: 0.15
    2050: 0
  transport_electric_efficiency: 53.19
  transport_fuel_cell_efficiency: 30.003
  transport_ice_efficiency: 16.0712
  agriculture_machinery_electric_share: 0.5
  agriculture_machinery_oil_share: 0.5
  agriculture_machinery_fuel_efficiency: 0.7
  agriculture_machinery_electric_efficiency: 0.3
  MWh_MeOH_per_MWh_H2: 0.8787
  MWh_MeOH_per_tCO2: 4.0321
  MWh_MeOH_per_MWh_e: 3.6907
  shipping_hydrogen_liquefaction: false
  shipping_hydrogen_share:
    2020: 0
    2025: 0
    2030: 0
    2035: 0
    2040: 0
    2045: 0
    2050: 0
  shipping_methanol_share:
    2020: 0
    2025: 0
    2030: 0.15
    2035: 0.35
    2040: 0.55
    2045: 0.8
    2050: 1
  shipping_oil_share:
    2020: 1
    2025: 1
    2030: 0.85
    2035: 0.65
    2040: 0.45
    2045: 0.2
    2050: 0
  shipping_methanol_efficiency: 0.46
  shipping_oil_efficiency: 0.4
  aviation_demand_factor: 1.0
  HVC_demand_factor: 1.0
  time_dep_hp_cop: true
  heat_pump_sink_T_individual_heating: 55.0
  reduce_space_heat_exogenously: true
  reduce_space_heat_exogenously_factor:
    2020: 0.1
    2025: 0.09
    2030: 0.09
    2035: 0.11
    2040: 0.16
    2045: 0.21
    2050: 0.29
  retrofitting:
    retro_endogen: false
    cost_factor: 1.0
    interest_rate: 0.04
    annualise_cost: true
    tax_weighting: false
    construction_index: true
  tes: true
  boilers: true
  resistive_heaters: true
  oil_boilers: false
  biomass_boiler: true
  overdimension_heat_generators:
    decentral: 1.1
    central: 1.0
  chp:
    enable: true
    fuel:
    - solid biomass
    - gas
    micro_chp: false
  solar_thermal: true
  solar_cf_correction: 0.788457
  methanation: true
  coal_cc: false
  dac: true
  co2_vent: false
  heat_vent:
    urban central: true
    urban decentral: true
    rural: true
  marginal_cost_heat_vent: 0.02
  allam_cycle_gas: false
  hydrogen_fuel_cell: true
  hydrogen_turbine: true
  SMR: true
  SMR_cc: true
  regional_oil_demand: true
  regional_coal_demand: false
  regional_co2_sequestration_potential:
    enable: true
    attribute:
    - conservative estimate Mt
    - conservative estimate GAS Mt
    - conservative estimate OIL Mt
    - conservative estimate aquifer Mt
    include_onshore: false
    min_size: 3
    max_size: 25
    years_of_storage: 25
  co2_sequestration_potential:
    2020: 0
    2025: 0
    2030: 40
    2035: 100
    2040: 180
    2045: 250
    2050: 250
  co2_sequestration_cost: 30
  co2_sequestration_lifetime: 50
  co2_spatial: true
  co2_network: true
  co2_network_cost_factor: 1
  cc_fraction: 0.9
  hydrogen_underground_storage: true
  hydrogen_underground_storage_locations:
  - onshore
  - nearshore
  methanol:
    regional_methanol_demand: false
    methanol_reforming: false
    methanol_reforming_cc: false
    methanol_to_kerosene: false
    methanol_to_power:
      ccgt: false
      ccgt_cc: false
      ocgt: true
      allam: false
    biomass_to_methanol: true
    biomass_to_methanol_cc: false
  ammonia: true
  min_part_load_electrolysis: 0
  min_part_load_fischer_tropsch: 0.5
  min_part_load_methanolisation: 0.3
  min_part_load_methanation: 0.3
  use_fischer_tropsch_waste_heat: 0.25
  use_haber_bosch_waste_heat: 0.25
  use_methanolisation_waste_heat: 0.25
  use_methanation_waste_heat: 0.25
  use_fuel_cell_waste_heat: 1
  use_electrolysis_waste_heat: 0.25
  electricity_transmission_grid: true
  electricity_distribution_grid: true
  electricity_distribution_grid_cost_factor: 1.0
  electricity_grid_connection: true
  transmission_efficiency:
    enable:
    - DC
    - H2 pipeline
    - gas pipeline
    - electricity distribution grid
    DC:
      efficiency_static: 0.98
      efficiency_per_1000km: 0.977
    H2 pipeline:
      efficiency_per_1000km: 1
      compression_per_1000km: 0.018
    gas pipeline:
      efficiency_per_1000km: 1
      compression_per_1000km: 0.01
    electricity distribution grid:
      efficiency_static: 0.97
  H2_network: true
  gas_network: true
  H2_retrofit: false
  H2_retrofit_capacity_per_CH4: 0.6
  gas_network_connectivity_upgrade: 1
  gas_distribution_grid: true
  gas_distribution_grid_cost_factor: 1.0
  biomass_spatial: true
  biomass_transport: false
  biogas_upgrading: true
  biogas_upgrading_cc: false
  conventional_generation:
    OCGT: gas
    CCGT: gas
  biomass_to_liquid: true
  biomass_to_liquid_cc: false
  electrobiofuels: true
  biosng: false
  biosng_cc: false
  bioH2: false
  municipal_solid_waste: false
  limit_max_growth:
    enable: false
    factor: 1.3
    max_growth:
      onwind: 16
      solar: 28
      "offwind-ac": 35
      "offwind-dc": 35
    max_relative_growth:
      onwind: 3
      solar: 3
      "offwind-ac": 3
      "offwind-dc": 3
  enhanced_geothermal:
    enable: false
    flexible: true
    max_hours: 240
    max_boost: 0.25
    var_cf: true
    sustainability_factor: 0.0025
  solid_biomass_import:
    enable: false
    price: 54
    max_amount: 1390
    upstream_emissions_factor: 0.1
  imports:
    enable: false
    limit: .inf
    limit_sense: "<="
    price:
      H2: 74
      NH3: 97
      methanol: 121
      gas: 122
      oil: 125

Details

Configuration for sector settings.
properties
transport	Flag to include transport sector.
	type	boolean
heating	Flag to include heating sector.
	type	boolean
biomass	Flag to include biomass sector.
	type	boolean
industry	Flag to include industry sector.
	type	boolean
shipping	Flag to include shipping sector.
	type	boolean
aviation	Flag to include aviation sector.
	type	boolean
agriculture	Flag to include agriculture sector.
	type	boolean
fossil_fuels	Flag to include imports of fossil fuels.
	type	boolean
district_heating	Configuration for sector.district_heating settings.
	properties
	potential	Maximum fraction of urban demand which can be supplied by district heating. If given as dictionary, specify one value per country modeled or provide a default value with key default to fill values for all unspecified countries.
		anyOf	type	number
			type	object
	progress	Increase of today’s district heating demand to potential maximum district heating share. Progress = 0 means today’s district heating share. Progress = 1 means maximum fraction of urban demand is supplied by district heating.
		type	object
	district_heating_loss	Share increase in district heat demand in urban central due to heat losses.
		type	number
	supply_temperature_approximation	Supply temperature approximation settings.
		type	object
	ptes	Pit thermal energy storage settings.
		type	object
	ates	Aquifer thermal energy storage settings.
		type	object
	heat_source_cooling	Cooling of heat source for heat pumps.
		type	number
	heat_pump_cop_approximation	Heat pump COP approximation settings.
		type	object
	limited_heat_sources	Dictionary with names of limited heat sources (not air). Must be river_water / geothermal or another heat source in [Manz et al. 2024](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960148124001769).
		type	object
	direct_utilisation_heat_sources	List of heat sources for direct heat utilisation in district heating. Must be in the keys of heat_utilisation_potentials (e.g. geothermal).
		type	array
		items	type	string
	temperature_limited_stores	List of names for stores used as limited heat sources.
		type	array
		items	type	string
	dh_areas	District heating areas settings.
		type	object
heat_pump_sources	Heat pump sources by area.
	type	object
residential_heat	Configuration for sector.residential_heat settings.
	properties
	dsm	Configuration for sector.residential_heat.dsm settings.
		properties
		enable	Enable residential heat demand-side management that allows heating systems to provide flexibility by shifting demand within configurable time periods. Models building thermal mass as energy storage.
			type	boolean
		direction	‘overheat-undercool’ means both pre-heating and delayed heating are allowed. ‘overheat’ allows only pre-heating where buildings are heated up above target temperature and then allowed to cool down, while ‘undercool’ allows only delayed heating where buildings can cool below target temperature and then be heated up again.
			type	array
			items	type	string
		restriction_value	Maximum state of charge (as fraction) for heat flexibility storage representing available thermal buffer capacity in buildings. Set to 0 for no flexibility or to 1.0 to assume that the entire heating demand can contribute to flexibility.
			type	object
		restriction_time	Checkpoint hours (0-23) at which heat flexibility storage must return to baseline state of charge, i.e. the residence surplus or missing heat be balanced. Time is the local time for each country and bus. Default: [10, 22] creates 12-hour periods with checkpoints at 10am and 10pm.
			type	array
			items	type	integer
cluster_heat_buses	Cluster residential and service heat buses in [prepare_sector_network.py](PyPSA/pypsa-eur-sec) to one to save memory.
	type	boolean
heat_demand_cutout	Heat demand cutout.
	type	string
bev_dsm_restriction_value	Adds a lower state of charge (SOC) limit for battery electric vehicles (BEV) to manage its own energy demand (DSM). Located in [build_transport_demand.py](PyPSA/pypsa-eur-sec). Set to 0 for no restriction on BEV DSM.
	type	number
bev_dsm_restriction_time	Time at which SOC of BEV has to be dsm_restriction_value.
	type	number
transport_heating_deadband_upper	The maximum temperature in the vehicle. At higher temperatures, the energy required for cooling in the vehicle increases.
	type	number
transport_heating_deadband_lower	The minimum temperature in the vehicle. At lower temperatures, the energy required for heating in the vehicle increases.
	type	number
ICE_lower_degree_factor	Share increase in energy demand in internal combustion engine (ICE) for each degree difference between the cold environment and the minimum temperature.
	type	number
ICE_upper_degree_factor	Share increase in energy demand in internal combustion engine (ICE) for each degree difference between the hot environment and the maximum temperature.
	type	number
EV_lower_degree_factor	Share increase in energy demand in electric vehicles (EV) for each degree difference between the cold environment and the minimum temperature.
	type	number
EV_upper_degree_factor	Share increase in energy demand in electric vehicles (EV) for each degree difference between the hot environment and the maximum temperature.
	type	number
bev_dsm	Add the option for battery electric vehicles (BEV) to participate in demand-side management (DSM).
	type	boolean
bev_dsm_availability	The share for battery electric vehicles (BEV) that are able to do demand side management (DSM).
	type	number
bev_energy	The average size of battery electric vehicles (BEV) in MWh.
	type	number
bev_charge_efficiency	Battery electric vehicles (BEV) charge and discharge efficiency.
	type	number
bev_charge_rate	The power consumption for one electric vehicle (EV) in MWh. Value derived from 3-phase charger with 11 kW.
	type	number
bev_avail_max	The maximum share plugged-in availability for passenger electric vehicles.
	type	number
bev_avail_mean	The average share plugged-in availability for passenger electric vehicles.
	type	number
v2g	Allows feed-in to grid from EV battery. This is only enabled if BEV demand-side management is enabled, and the share of vehicles participating is V2G is given by bev_dsm_availability.
	type	boolean
land_transport_fuel_cell_share	The share of vehicles that uses fuel cells in a given year.
	type	object
land_transport_electric_share	The share of vehicles that uses electric vehicles (EV) in a given year.
	type	object
land_transport_ice_share	The share of vehicles that uses internal combustion engines (ICE) in a given year. What is not EV or FCEV is oil-fuelled ICE.
	type	object
transport_electric_efficiency	The conversion efficiencies of electric vehicles in transport.
	type	number
transport_fuel_cell_efficiency	The H2 conversion efficiencies of fuel cells in transport.
	type	number
transport_ice_efficiency	The oil conversion efficiencies of internal combustion engine (ICE) in transport.
	type	number
agriculture_machinery_electric_share	The share for agricultural machinery that uses electricity.
	type	number
agriculture_machinery_oil_share	The share for agricultural machinery that uses oil.
	type	number
agriculture_machinery_fuel_efficiency	The efficiency of electric-powered machinery in the conversion of electricity to meet agricultural needs.
	type	number
agriculture_machinery_electric_efficiency	The efficiency of oil-powered machinery in the conversion of oil to meet agricultural needs.
	type	number
MWh_MeOH_per_MWh_H2	The energy amount of the produced methanol per energy amount of hydrogen. From [DECHEMA (2017)](https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry-p-20002750.pdf), page 64.
	type	number
MWh_MeOH_per_tCO2	The energy amount of the produced methanol per ton of CO2. From [DECHEMA (2017)](https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry-p-20002750.pdf), page 66.
	type	number
MWh_MeOH_per_MWh_e	The energy amount of the produced methanol per energy amount of electricity. From [DECHEMA (2017)](https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry-p-20002750.pdf), page 64.
	type	number
shipping_hydrogen_liquefaction	Whether to include liquefaction costs for hydrogen demand in shipping.
	type	boolean
shipping_hydrogen_share	The share of ships powered by hydrogen in a given year.
	type	object
shipping_methanol_share	The share of ships powered by methanol in a given year.
	type	object
shipping_oil_share	The share of ships powered by oil in a given year.
	type	object
shipping_methanol_efficiency	The efficiency of methanol-powered ships in the conversion of methanol to meet shipping needs (propulsion). The efficiency increase from oil can be 10-15% higher according to the [IEA](https://www.iea-amf.org/app/webroot/files/file/Annex%20Reports/AMF_Annex_56.pdf).
	type	number
shipping_oil_efficiency	The efficiency of oil-powered ships in the conversion of oil to meet shipping needs (propulsion). Base value derived from 2011.
	type	number
aviation_demand_factor	The proportion of demand for aviation compared to today’s consumption.
	type	number
HVC_demand_factor	The proportion of demand for high-value chemicals compared to today’s consumption.
	type	number
time_dep_hp_cop	Consider the time dependent coefficient of performance (COP) of the heat pump.
	type	boolean
heat_pump_sink_T_individual_heating	The temperature heat sink used in heat pumps based on DTU / large area radiators. The value is conservatively high to cover hot water and space heating in poorly-insulated buildings.
	type	number
reduce_space_heat_exogenously	Influence on space heating demand by a certain factor (applied before losses in district heating).
	type	boolean
reduce_space_heat_exogenously_factor	A positive factor can mean renovation or demolition of a building. If the factor is negative, it can mean an increase in floor area, increased thermal comfort, population growth. The default factors are determined by the [Eurocalc Homes and buildings decarbonization scenario](http://tool.european-calculator.eu/app/buildings/building-types-area/?levers=1ddd4444421213bdbbbddd44444ffffff11f411111221111211l212221).
	type	object
retrofitting	Configuration for sector.retrofitting settings.
	properties
	retro_endogen	Add retrofitting as an endogenous system which co-optimise space heat savings.
		type	boolean
	cost_factor	Weight costs for building renovation.
		type	number
	interest_rate	The interest rate for investment in building components.
		type	number
	annualise_cost	Annualise the investment costs of retrofitting.
		type	boolean
	tax_weighting	Weight the costs of retrofitting depending on taxes in countries.
		type	boolean
	construction_index	Weight the costs of retrofitting depending on labour/material costs per country.
		type	boolean
tes	Add option for storing thermal energy in large water pits associated with district heating systems and individual thermal energy storage (TES).
	type	boolean
boilers	Add option for transforming gas into heat using gas boilers.
	type	boolean
resistive_heaters	Add option for transforming electricity into heat using resistive heaters (independently from gas boilers).
	type	boolean
oil_boilers	Add option for transforming oil into heat using boilers.
	type	boolean
biomass_boiler	Add option for transforming biomass into heat using boilers.
	type	boolean
overdimension_heat_generators	Add option for overdimensioning heating systems by a certain factor. This allows them to cover heat demand peaks e.g. 10% higher than those in the data with a setting of 1.1.
	type	object
chp	Configuration for sector.chp settings.
	properties
	enable	Add option for using Combined Heat and Power (CHP).
		type	boolean
	fuel	Possible options are all fuels which have an existing bus and their CO2 intensity is given in the technology data. Currently possible are “gas”, “oil”, “methanol”, “lignite”, “coal” as well as “solid biomass”. For all fuels except solid biomass, the techno-economic data from gas CHP is used. For the special case of solid biomass fuel, both CHP plants with and without carbon capture are added.
		type	array
		items	type	string
	micro_chp	Add option for using gas-fired Combined Heat and Power (CHP) for decentral areas.
		type	boolean
solar_thermal	Add option for using solar thermal to generate heat.
	type	boolean
solar_cf_correction	The correction factor for the value provided by the solar thermal profile calculations.
	type	number
methanation	Add option for transforming hydrogen and CO2 into methane using methanation.
	type	boolean
coal_cc	Add option for coal CHPs with carbon capture.
	type	boolean
dac	Add option for Direct Air Capture (DAC).
	type	boolean
co2_vent	Add option for vent out CO2 from storages to the atmosphere.
	type	boolean
heat_vent	Heat venting by area.
	type	object
marginal_cost_heat_vent	The marginal cost of heat-venting in all heating systems.
	type	number
allam_cycle_gas	Add option to include [Allam cycle gas power plants](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allam_power_cycle).
	type	boolean
hydrogen_fuel_cell	Add option to include hydrogen fuel cell for re-electrification. Assuming OCGT technology costs.
	type	boolean
hydrogen_turbine	Add option to include hydrogen turbine for re-electrification. Assuming OCGT technology costs.
	type	boolean
SMR	Add option for transforming natural gas into hydrogen and CO2 using Steam Methane Reforming (SMR).
	type	boolean
SMR_cc	Add option for transforming natural gas into hydrogen and CO2 using Steam Methane Reforming (SMR) and Carbon Capture (CC).
	type	boolean
regional_oil_demand	Spatially resolve oil demand. Set to true if regional CO2 constraints needed.
	type	boolean
regional_coal_demand	Regional coal demand.
	type	boolean
regional_co2_sequestration_potential	Add option for regionally-resolved geological carbon dioxide sequestration potentials based on [CO2StoP](https://setis.ec.europa.eu/european-co2-storage-database_en).
	type	object
co2_sequestration_potential	The potential of sequestering CO2 in Europe per year and investment period.
	type	object
co2_sequestration_cost	The cost of sequestering a ton of CO2 (currency/tCO2).
	type	number
co2_sequestration_lifetime	The lifetime of a CO2 sequestration site (years).
	type	integer
co2_spatial	Add option to spatially resolve carrier representing stored carbon dioxide. This allows for more detailed modelling of CCUTS, e.g. regarding the capturing of industrial process emissions, usage as feedstock for electrofuels, transport of carbon dioxide, and geological sequestration sites.
	type	boolean
co2_network	Add option for planning a new carbon dioxide transmission network.
	type	boolean
co2_network_cost_factor	The cost factor for the capital cost of the carbon dioxide transmission network.
	type	number
cc_fraction	The default fraction of CO2 captured with post-combustion capture.
	type	number
hydrogen_underground_storage	Add options for storing hydrogen underground. Storage potential depends regionally.
	type	boolean
hydrogen_underground_storage_locations	The location where hydrogen underground storage can be located. Onshore, nearshore, offshore means it must be located more than 50 km away from the sea, within 50 km of the sea, or within the sea itself respectively.
	type	array
	items	type	string
methanol	Configuration for sector.methanol settings.
	properties
	regional_methanol_demand	Spatially resolve methanol demand. Set to true if regional CO2 constraints needed.
		type	boolean
	methanol_reforming	Add methanol reforming.
		type	boolean
	methanol_reforming_cc	Add methanol reforming with carbon capture.
		type	boolean
	methanol_to_kerosene	Add methanol to kerosene.
		type	boolean
	methanol_to_power	Add different methanol to power technologies.
		type	object
	biomass_to_methanol	Add biomass to methanol.
		type	boolean
	biomass_to_methanol_cc	Add biomass to methanol with carbon capture.
		type	boolean
ammonia	Add ammonia as a carrier. It can be either true (copperplated NH3), false (no NH3 carrier) or “regional” (regionalised NH3 without network).
	anyOf	type	boolean
		type	string
min_part_load_electrolysis	The minimum unit dispatch (p_min_pu) for electrolysis.
	type	number
min_part_load_fischer_tropsch	The minimum unit dispatch (p_min_pu) for the Fischer-Tropsch process.
	type	number
min_part_load_methanolisation	The minimum unit dispatch (p_min_pu) for the methanolisation process.
	type	number
min_part_load_methanation	Minimum part load methanation.
	type	number
use_fischer_tropsch_waste_heat	Add option for using waste heat of Fischer Tropsch in district heating networks.
	type	number
use_haber_bosch_waste_heat	Use Haber-Bosch waste heat.
	type	number
use_methanolisation_waste_heat	Use methanolisation waste heat.
	type	number
use_methanation_waste_heat	Use methanation waste heat.
	type	number
use_fuel_cell_waste_heat	Add option for using waste heat of fuel cells in district heating networks.
	type	number
use_electrolysis_waste_heat	Add option for using waste heat of electrolysis in district heating networks.
	type	number
electricity_transmission_grid	Switch for enabling/disabling the electricity transmission grid.
	type	boolean
electricity_distribution_grid	Add a simplified representation of the exchange capacity between transmission and distribution grid level through a link.
	type	boolean
electricity_distribution_grid_cost_factor	Multiplies the investment cost of the electricity distribution grid.
	type	number
electricity_grid_connection	Add the cost of electricity grid connection for onshore wind and solar.
	type	boolean
transmission_efficiency	Configuration for sector.transmission_efficiency settings.
	properties
	enable	Switch to select the carriers for which transmission efficiency is to be added. Carriers not listed assume lossless transmission.
		type	array
		items	type	string
	DC	DC transmission efficiency.
		type	object
	H2 pipeline	H2 pipeline transmission efficiency.
		type	object
	gas pipeline	Gas pipeline transmission efficiency.
		type	object
	electricity distribution grid	Electricity distribution grid efficiency.
		type	object
H2_network	Add option for new hydrogen pipelines.
	type	boolean
gas_network	Add existing natural gas infrastructure, incl. LNG terminals, production and entry-points. The existing gas network is added with a lossless transport model. A length-weighted [k-edge augmentation algorithm](https://networkx.org/documentation/stable/reference/algorithms/generated/networkx.algorithms.connectivity.edge_augmentation.k_edge_augmentation.html#networkx.algorithms.connectivity.edge_augmentation.k_edge_augmentation) can be run to add new candidate gas pipelines such that all regions of the model can be connected to the gas network. When activated, all the gas demands are regionally disaggregated as well.
	type	boolean
H2_retrofit	Add option for retrofiting existing pipelines to transport hydrogen.
	type	boolean
H2_retrofit_capacity_per_CH4	The ratio for H2 capacity per original CH4 capacity of retrofitted pipelines. The [European Hydrogen Backbone (April, 2020) p.15](https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/2020_European-Hydrogen-Backbone_Report.pdf) 60% of original natural gas capacity could be used in cost-optimal case as H2 capacity.
	type	number
gas_network_connectivity_upgrade	The number of desired edge connectivity (k) in the length-weighted [k-edge augmentation algorithm](https://networkx.org/documentation/stable/reference/algorithms/generated/networkx.algorithms.connectivity.edge_augmentation.k_edge_augmentation.html#networkx.algorithms.connectivity.edge_augmentation.k_edge_augmentation) used for the gas network.
	type	number
gas_distribution_grid	Add a gas distribution grid.
	type	boolean
gas_distribution_grid_cost_factor	Multiplier for the investment cost of the gas distribution grid.
	type	number
biomass_spatial	Add option for resolving biomass demand regionally.
	type	boolean
biomass_transport	Add option for transporting solid biomass between nodes.
	type	boolean
biogas_upgrading	Biogas upgrading.
	type	boolean
biogas_upgrading_cc	Add option to capture CO2 from biomass upgrading.
	type	boolean
conventional_generation	Add a more detailed description of conventional carriers. Any power generation requires the consumption of fuel from nodes representing that fuel.
	type	object
biomass_to_liquid	Add option for transforming solid biomass into liquid fuel with the same properties as oil.
	type	boolean
biomass_to_liquid_cc	Add option for transforming solid biomass into liquid fuel with the same properties as oil with carbon capture.
	type	boolean
electrobiofuels	Electrobiofuels.
	type	boolean
biosng	Add option for transforming solid biomass into synthesis gas with the same properties as natural gas.
	type	boolean
biosng_cc	Add option for transforming solid biomass into synthesis gas with the same properties as natural gas with carbon capture.
	type	boolean
bioH2	Add option for transforming solid biomass into hydrogen with carbon capture.
	type	boolean
municipal_solid_waste	Add option for municipal solid waste.
	type	boolean
limit_max_growth	Configuration for sector.limit_max_growth settings.
	properties
	enable	Add option to limit the maximum growth of a carrier.
		type	boolean
	factor	The maximum growth factor of a carrier (e.g. 1.3 allows 30% larger than max historic growth).
		type	number
	max_growth	The historic maximum growth of a carrier.
		type	object
	max_relative_growth	The historic maximum relative growth of a carrier.
		type	object
enhanced_geothermal	Configuration for sector.enhanced_geothermal settings.
	properties
	enable	Add option to include Enhanced Geothermal Systems.
		type	boolean
	flexible	Add option for flexible operation (see Ricks et al. 2024).
		type	boolean
	max_hours	The maximum hours the reservoir can be charged under flexible operation.
		type	integer
	max_boost	The maximum boost in power output under flexible operation.
		type	number
	var_cf	Add option for variable capacity factor (see Ricks et al. 2024).
		type	boolean
	sustainability_factor	Share of sourced heat that is replenished by the earth’s core (see details in [build_egs_potentials.py](PyPSA/pypsa-eur-sec)).
		type	number
solid_biomass_import	Configuration for sector.solid_biomass_import settings.
	properties
	enable	Add option to include solid biomass imports.
		type	boolean
	price	Price for importing solid biomass (currency/MWh).
		type	number
	max_amount	Maximum solid biomass import potential (TWh).
		type	number
	upstream_emissions_factor	Upstream emissions of solid biomass imports.
		type	number
imports	Configuration for sector.imports settings.
	properties
	enable	Add option to include renewable energy imports.
		type	boolean
	limit	Maximum allowed renewable energy imports (TWh).
		type	number
	limit_sense	Sense of the limit.
		type	string
	price	Price for importing renewable energy of carrier.
		type	object

`industry`#

Note

Only used for sector-coupling studies.

industry:
  St_primary_fraction:
    2020: 0.6
    2025: 0.55
    2030: 0.5
    2035: 0.45
    2040: 0.4
    2045: 0.35
    2050: 0.3
  DRI_fraction:
    2020: 0
    2025: 0
    2030: 0.05
    2035: 0.2
    2040: 0.4
    2045: 0.7
    2050: 1
  H2_DRI: 1.7
  elec_DRI: 0.322
  Al_primary_fraction:
    2020: 0.4
    2025: 0.375
    2030: 0.35
    2035: 0.325
    2040: 0.3
    2045: 0.25
    2050: 0.2
  MWh_NH3_per_tNH3: 5.166
  MWh_CH4_per_tNH3_SMR: 10.8
  MWh_elec_per_tNH3_SMR: 0.7
  MWh_H2_per_tNH3_electrolysis: 5.93
  MWh_elec_per_tNH3_electrolysis: 0.2473
  MWh_NH3_per_MWh_H2_cracker: 1.46
  NH3_process_emissions: 24.5
  petrochemical_process_emissions: 25.5
  HVC_primary_fraction:
    2020: 0.88
    2025: 0.85
    2030: 0.78
    2035: 0.7
    2040: 0.6
    2045: 0.5
    2050: 0.4
  HVC_mechanical_recycling_fraction:
    2020: 0.12
    2025: 0.15
    2030: 0.18
    2035: 0.21
    2040: 0.24
    2045: 0.27
    2050: 0.3
  HVC_chemical_recycling_fraction:
    2020: 0.0
    2025: 0.0
    2030: 0.04
    2035: 0.08
    2040: 0.12
    2045: 0.16
    2050: 0.2
  HVC_environment_sequestration_fraction: 0.0
  waste_to_energy: false
  waste_to_energy_cc: false
  sector_ratios_fraction_future:
    2020: 0.0
    2025: 0.05
    2030: 0.2
    2035: 0.45
    2040: 0.7
    2045: 0.85
    2050: 1.0
  basic_chemicals_without_NH3_production_today: 69.0
  HVC_production_today: 52.0
  MWh_elec_per_tHVC_mechanical_recycling: 0.547
  MWh_elec_per_tHVC_chemical_recycling: 6.9
  chlorine_production_today: 9.58
  MWh_elec_per_tCl: 3.6
  MWh_H2_per_tCl: -0.9372
  methanol_production_today: 1.5
  MWh_elec_per_tMeOH: 0.167
  MWh_CH4_per_tMeOH: 10.25
  MWh_MeOH_per_tMeOH: 5.528
  hotmaps_locate_missing: false
  reference_year: 2019
  oil_refining_emissions: 0.013

Details

Configuration for industry settings.
properties
St_primary_fraction	The fraction of steel produced via primary route versus secondary route (scrap+EAF). Current fraction is 0.6.
	type	object
DRI_fraction	The fraction of the primary route DRI + EAF.
	type	object
H2_DRI	The hydrogen consumption in Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) Mwh_H2 LHV/ton_Steel from 51kgH2/tSt in [Vogl et al (2018)](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.08.279).
	type	number
elec_DRI	The electricity consumed in Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) shaft. From [HYBRIT brochure](https://ssabwebsitecdn.azureedge.net/-/media/hybrit/files/hybrit_brochure.pdf).
	type	number
Al_primary_fraction	The fraction of aluminium produced via the primary route versus scrap. Current fraction is 0.4.
	type	object
MWh_NH3_per_tNH3	The energy amount per ton of ammonia (LHV).
	type	number
MWh_CH4_per_tNH3_SMR	The energy amount of methane needed to produce a ton of ammonia using steam methane reforming (SMR). Value derived from 2012’s demand from [Center for European Policy Studies (2008)](https://ec.europa.eu/docsroom/documents/4165/attachments/1/translations/en/renditions/pdf).
	type	number
MWh_elec_per_tNH3_SMR	The energy amount of electricity needed to produce a ton of ammonia using steam methane reforming (SMR). same source, assuming 94-6% split methane-elec of total energy demand 11.5 MWh/tNH3.
	type	number
MWh_H2_per_tNH3_electrolysis	The energy amount of hydrogen needed to produce a ton of ammonia using Haber–Bosch process. From [Wang et al (2018)](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2018.04.017), Base value assumed around 0.197 tH2/tHN3 (>3/17 since some H2 lost and used for energy).
	type	number
MWh_elec_per_tNH3_electrolysis	The energy amount of electricity needed to produce a ton of ammonia using Haber–Bosch process. From [Wang et al (2018)](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2018.04.017), Table 13 (air separation and HB).
	type	number
MWh_NH3_per_MWh_H2_cracker	The energy amount of amonia needed to produce an energy amount hydrogen using ammonia cracker.
	type	number
NH3_process_emissions	The emission of ammonia production from steam methane reforming (SMR). From UNFCCC for 2015 for EU28.
	type	number
petrochemical_process_emissions	The emission of petrochemical production. From UNFCCC for 2015 for EU28.
	type	number
HVC_primary_fraction	The fraction of high value chemicals (HVC) produced via primary route.
	type	object
HVC_mechanical_recycling_fraction	The fraction of high value chemicals (HVC) produced using mechanical recycling.
	type	object
HVC_chemical_recycling_fraction	The fraction of high value chemicals (HVC) produced using chemical recycling.
	type	object
HVC_environment_sequestration_fraction	The fraction of high value chemicals (HVC) put into landfill resulting in additional carbon sequestration. The default value is 0.
	type	number
waste_to_energy	Switch to enable expansion of waste to energy CHPs for conversion of plastics. Default is false.
	type	boolean
waste_to_energy_cc	Switch to enable expansion of waste to energy CHPs for conversion of plastics with carbon capture. Default is false.
	type	boolean
sector_ratios_fraction_future	The fraction of total progress in fuel and process switching achieved in the industry sector.
	type	object
basic_chemicals_without_NH3_production_today	The amount of basic chemicals produced without ammonia (= 86 Mtethylene-equiv - 17 MtNH3).
	type	number
HVC_production_today	The amount of high value chemicals (HVC) produced. This includes ethylene, propylene and BTX. From [DECHEMA (2017)](https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry-p-20002750.pdf), Figure 16, page 107.
	type	number
MWh_elec_per_tHVC_mechanical_recycling	The energy amount of electricity needed to produce a ton of high value chemical (HVC) using mechanical recycling. From SI of [Meys et al (2020)](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105010), Table S5, for HDPE, PP, PS, PET. LDPE would be 0.756.
	type	number
MWh_elec_per_tHVC_chemical_recycling	The energy amount of electricity needed to produce a ton of high value chemical (HVC) using chemical recycling. The default value is based on pyrolysis and electric steam cracking. From [Material Economics (2019)](https://materialeconomics.com/latest-updates/industrial-transformation-2050), page 125.
	type	number
chlorine_production_today	The amount of chlorine produced. From [DECHEMA (2017)](https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry-p-20002750.pdf), Table 7, page 43.
	type	number
MWh_elec_per_tCl	The energy amount of electricity needed to produce a ton of chlorine. From [DECHEMA (2017)](https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry-p-20002750.pdf), Table 6 page 43.
	type	number
MWh_H2_per_tCl	The energy amount of hydrogen needed to produce a ton of chlorine. The value is negative since hydrogen produced in chloralkali process. From [DECHEMA (2017)](https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry-p-20002750.pdf), page 43.
	type	number
methanol_production_today	The amount of methanol produced. From [DECHEMA (2017)](https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry-p-20002750.pdf), page 62.
	type	number
MWh_elec_per_tMeOH	The energy amount of electricity needed to produce a ton of methanol. From [DECHEMA (2017)](https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry-p-20002750.pdf), Table 14, page 65.
	type	number
MWh_CH4_per_tMeOH	The energy amount of methane needed to produce a ton of methanol. From [DECHEMA (2017)](https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry-p-20002750.pdf), Table 14, page 65.
	type	number
MWh_MeOH_per_tMeOH	The energy amount per ton of methanol (LHV). From [DECHEMA (2017)](https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry-p-20002750.pdf), page 74.
	type	number
hotmaps_locate_missing	Locate industrial sites without valid locations based on city and countries.
	type	boolean
reference_year	The year used as the baseline for industrial energy demand and production. Data extracted from [JRC-IDEES 2015](https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/jrc-10110-10001).
	type	integer
oil_refining_emissions	The emissions from oil fuel processing (e.g. oil in petrochemical refinieries). The default value of 0.013 tCO2/MWh is based on DE statistics for 2019; the EU value is very similar.
	type	number

`costs`#

costs:
  year: 2050
  social_discountrate: 0.02
  fill_values:
    FOM: 0
    VOM: 0
    efficiency: 1
    fuel: 0
    investment: 0
    lifetime: 25
    CO2 intensity: 0
    discount rate: 0.07
    standing losses: 0
  custom_cost_fn: data/custom_costs.csv
  overwrites: {}
  capital_cost: {}
  marginal_cost: {}
  emission_prices:
    enable: false
    co2: 0.0
    co2_monthly_prices: false

`clustering`#

clustering:
  mode: busmap
  administrative:
    level: 1
    countries: {}
  focus_weights: false
  copperplate_regions: []
  build_bidding_zones:
    remove_islands: false
    aggregate_to_tyndp: false
  simplify_network:
    to_substations: false
    exclude_carriers: []
    remove_stubs: true
    remove_stubs_across_borders: false
  cluster_network:
    algorithm: kmeans
    hac_features:
    - wnd100m
    - influx_direct
  exclude_carriers: []
  consider_efficiency_classes: false
  aggregation_strategies:
    generators:
      committable: any
      ramp_limit_up: max
      ramp_limit_down: max
    buses: {}
  temporal:
    resolution_elec: false
    resolution_sector: false

Details

Configuration for clustering settings.
properties
mode	‘busmap’: Default. ‘custom_busmap’: Enable the use of custom busmaps in rule cluster_network. If activated the rule looks for provided busmaps at `data/busmaps/base_s_{clusters}_{base_network}.csv` which should have the same format as `resources/busmap_base_s_{clusters}.csv`, i.e. the index should contain the buses of `networks/base_s.nc`. {base_network} is the name of the selected base_network in electricity, e.g. `gridkit`, `osm-prebuilt`, or `osm-raw`. ‘administrative’: Clusters and indexes the network based on the administrative regions of the countries based on `nuts3_shapes.geojson` (level: 1, 2, 3, bz). To activate this, additionally set the `clusters` wildcard in `scenario` to ‘adm’. ‘custom_busshapes’: Enable the use of custom shapes in rule cluster_network. If activated the rule looks for provided busshapes at `data/busshapes/base_s_{clusters}_{base_network}.geojson`.
	type	string
	enum	busmap, custom_busmap, administrative, custom_busshapes
administrative	Configuration for clustering.administrative settings.
	properties
	level	Level of administrative regions to cluster the network. 0: Country level, 1: NUTS1 level, 2: NUTS2 level, 3: NUTS3 level, ‘bz’: Bidding zones. Only applies when mode is set to administrative. Note that non-NUTS countries ‘BA’, ‘MD’, ‘UA’, and ‘XK’ can only be clustered to level 0 and 1.
		enum	0, 1, 2, 3, bz
	countries	Optionally include dictionary of individual country codes and their individual NUTS levels. Overwrites country-specific level. For example: {‘DE’: 1, ‘FR’: 2}. Only applies when mode is set to administrative.
		type	object
focus_weights	Optionally specify the focus weights for the clustering of countries. For instance: DE: 0.8 will distribute 80% of all nodes to Germany and 20% to the rest of the countries. Only applies when mode is set to busmap.
	anyOf	type	boolean
		type	object
copperplate_regions	Optionally specify the regions to copperplate as a list of groups. Each group is a list of region codes that will be connected with infinite capacity lines.
	type	array
	items	type	array
		items	type	string
build_bidding_zones	Configuration for clustering.build_bidding_zones settings.
	properties
	remove_islands	Exclude from the shape file the Balearic Islands, Bornholm, the Canary Islands, the Orkney Islands, the Shetland Islands, the Azores Islands and Madeira.
		type	boolean
	aggregate_to_tyndp	Adjust the shape file to the TYNDP topology. Aggregate the Southern Norwegian bidding zones and extract Crete as a separate zone from the Greek shape.
		type	boolean
simplify_network	Configuration for clustering.simplify_network settings.
	properties
	to_substations	Aggregates all nodes without power injection (positive or negative, i.e. demand or generation) to electrically closest ones.
		type	boolean
	exclude_carriers	List of carriers which will not be aggregated. If empty, all carriers will be aggregated.
		type	array
		items	type	string
	remove_stubs	Controls whether radial parts of the network should be recursively aggregated. Defaults to true.
		type	boolean
	remove_stubs_across_borders	Controls whether radial parts of the network should be recursively aggregated across borders. Defaults to true.
		type	boolean
cluster_network	Configuration for clustering.cluster_network settings.
	properties
	algorithm	Clustering algorithm to use.
		type	string
		enum	kmeans, hac
	hac_features	List of meteorological variables contained in the weather data cutout that should be considered for hierarchical clustering.
		type	array
		items	type	string
exclude_carriers	List of carriers which will not be aggregated. If empty, all carriers will be aggregated.
	type	array
	items	type	string
consider_efficiency_classes	Aggregated each carriers into the top 10-quantile (high), the bottom 90-quantile (low), and everything in between (medium).
	type	boolean
aggregation_strategies	Configuration for clustering.aggregation_strategies settings.
	properties
	generators	Aggregates the component according to the given strategy. For example, if sum, then all values within each cluster are summed to represent the new generator.
		type	object
	buses	Aggregates the component according to the given strategy. For example, if sum, then all values within each cluster are summed to represent the new bus.
		type	object
temporal	Configuration for clustering.temporal settings.
	properties
	resolution_elec	Resample the time-resolution by averaging over every n snapshots in prepare_network. Warning: This option should currently only be used with electricity-only networks, not for sector-coupled networks.
		anyOf	type	boolean
			type	string
	resolution_sector	Resample the time-resolution by averaging over every n snapshots in prepare_sector_network.
		anyOf	type	boolean
			type	string

Tip

use min in p_nom_max: for more conservative assumptions.

`adjustments`#

adjustments:
  electricity: false
  sector:
    factor:
      Link:
        electricity distribution grid:
          capital_cost: 1.0
    absolute: false

`solving`#

solving:
  options:
    clip_p_max_pu: 0.01
    load_shedding: false
    curtailment_mode: false
    noisy_costs: true
    skip_iterations: true
    rolling_horizon: false
    seed: 123
    custom_extra_functionality: ../data/custom_extra_functionality.py
    io_api: null
    track_iterations: false
    min_iterations: 2
    max_iterations: 3
    transmission_losses: 2
    linearized_unit_commitment: true
    horizon: 365
    post_discretization:
      enable: false
      line_unit_size: 1700
      line_threshold: 0.3
      link_unit_size:
        DC: 2000
        H2 pipeline: 1200
        gas pipeline: 1500
      link_threshold:
        DC: 0.3
        H2 pipeline: 0.3
        gas pipeline: 0.3
      fractional_last_unit_size: false
    keep_files: false
    model_kwargs:
      solver_dir: ""
  agg_p_nom_limits:
    agg_offwind: false
    agg_solar: false
    include_existing: false
    file: data/agg_p_nom_minmax.csv
  constraints:
    CCL: false
    EQ: false
    BAU: false
    SAFE: false
  solver:
    name: gurobi
    options: "gurobi-default"
  solver_options:
    "highs-default":
      threads: 1
      solver: ipm
      run_crossover: 'off'
      small_matrix_value: 1.0e-06
      large_matrix_value: 1000000000.0
      primal_feasibility_tolerance: 1.0e-05
      dual_feasibility_tolerance: 1.0e-05
      ipm_optimality_tolerance: 0.0001
      parallel: 'on'
      random_seed: 123
    "highs-simplex":
      solver: simplex
      parallel: 'on'
      primal_feasibility_tolerance: 1.0e-05
      dual_feasibility_tolerance: 1.0e-05
      random_seed: 123
    "gurobi-default":
      threads: 32
      method: 2
      crossover: 0
      BarConvTol: 1.0e-05
      Seed: 123
      AggFill: 0
      PreDual: 0
      GURO_PAR_BARDENSETHRESH: 200
    "gurobi-numeric-focus":
      NumericFocus: 3
      method: 2
      crossover: 0
      BarHomogeneous: 1
      BarConvTol: 1.0e-05
      FeasibilityTol: 0.0001
      OptimalityTol: 0.0001
      ObjScale: -0.5
      threads: 8
      Seed: 123
    "gurobi-fallback":
      crossover: 0
      method: 2
      BarHomogeneous: 1
      BarConvTol: 1.0e-05
      FeasibilityTol: 1.0e-05
      OptimalityTol: 1.0e-05
      Seed: 123
      threads: 8
    "cplex-default":
      threads: 4
      lpmethod: 4
      solutiontype: 2
      barrier.convergetol: 1.0e-05
      feasopt.tolerance: 1.0e-06
    "copt-default":
      Threads: 8
      LpMethod: 2
      Crossover: 0
      RelGap: 1.0e-06
      Dualize: 0
    "copt-gpu":
      LpMethod: 6
      GPUMode: 1
      PDLPTol: 1.0e-05
      Crossover: 0
    "cbc-default": {}
    "glpk-default": {}
  check_objective:
    enable: false
    expected_value: null
    atol: 1000000
    rtol: 0.01
  oetc: null
  mem_mb: 128000
  memory_logging_frequency: 5
  runtime: 48h

Details

Configuration for solving settings.
properties
options	Configuration for solving.options settings.
	properties
	clip_p_max_pu	To avoid too small values in the renewables` per-unit availability time series values below this threshold are set to zero.
		type	number
	load_shedding	Add generators with very high marginal cost to simulate load shedding and avoid problem infeasibilities. If load shedding is a float, it denotes the marginal cost in EUR/kWh.
		anyOf	type	boolean
			type	number
	curtailment_mode	Fixes the dispatch profiles of generators with time-varying p_max_pu by setting p_min_pu = p_max_pu and adds an auxiliary curtailment generator (with negative sign to absorb excess power) at every AC bus. This can speed up the solving process as the curtailment decision is aggregated into a single generator per region. Defaults to false.
		type	boolean
	noisy_costs	Add random noise to marginal cost of generators by \(\mathcal{U}(0.009,0,011)\) and capital cost of lines and links by \(\mathcal{U}(0.09,0,11)\).
		type	boolean
	skip_iterations	Skip iterating, do not update impedances of branches. Defaults to true.
		type	boolean
	rolling_horizon	Switch for rule solve_operations_network whether to optimize the network in a rolling horizon manner, where the snapshot range is split into slices of size horizon which are solved consecutively. This setting has currently no effect on sector-coupled networks.
		type	boolean
	seed	Random seed for increased deterministic behaviour.
		type	integer
	custom_extra_functionality	Path to a Python file with custom extra functionality code to be injected into the solving rules of the workflow relative to rules directory.
		anyOf	type	string
			type	null
	io_api	Passed to linopy and determines the API used to communicate with the solver. With the ‘lp’ and ‘mps’ options linopy passes a file to the solver; with the ‘direct’ option (only supported for HIGHS and Gurobi) linopy uses an in-memory python API resulting in better performance.
		anyOf	type	string
			type	null
	track_iterations	Flag whether to store the intermediate branch capacities and objective function values are recorded for each iteration in network.lines[‘s_nom_opt_X’] (where X labels the iteration)
		type	boolean
	min_iterations	Minimum number of solving iterations in between which resistance and reactence (x/r) are updated for branches according to s_nom_opt of the previous run.
		type	integer
	max_iterations	Maximum number of solving iterations in between which resistance and reactence (x/r) are updated for branches according to s_nom_opt of the previous run.
		type	integer
	transmission_losses	Add piecewise linear approximation of transmission losses based on n tangents. Defaults to 0, which means losses are ignored.
		type	integer
	linearized_unit_commitment	Whether to optimise using the linearized unit commitment formulation.
		type	boolean
	horizon	Number of snapshots to consider in each iteration. Defaults to 100.
		type	integer
	post_discretization	Configuration for solving.options.post_discretization settings.
		properties
		enable	Switch to enable post-discretization of the network. Disabled by default.
			type	boolean
		line_unit_size	Discrete unit size of lines in MW.
			type	number
		line_threshold	The threshold relative to the discrete line unit size beyond which to round up to the next unit.
			type	number
		link_unit_size	Discrete unit size of links in MW by carrier (given in dictionary style).
			type	object
		link_threshold	The threshold relative to the discrete link unit size beyond which to round up to the next unit by carrier (given in dictionary style).
			type	object
		fractional_last_unit_size	When true, links and lines can be built up to p_nom_max. When false, they can only be built up to a multiple of the unit size.
			type	boolean
	keep_files	Whether to keep LPs and MPS files after solving.
		type	boolean
	model_kwargs	Configuration for solving.options.model_kwargs settings.
		properties
		solver_dir	Absolute path to the directory where linopy saves files.
			type	string
agg_p_nom_limits	Configuration for solving.agg_p_nom_limits settings.
	properties
	agg_offwind	Aggregate together all the types of offwind when writing the constraint (offwind-all as a carrier in the .csv file). Default is false.
		type	boolean
	agg_solar	Aggregate together all the types of electric solar when writing the constraint (solar-all as a carrier in the .csv file). Default is false.
		type	boolean
	include_existing	Take existing capacities into account when writing the constraint. Default is false.
		type	boolean
	file	Reference to .csv file specifying per carrier generator nominal capacity constraints for individual countries and planning horizons. Defaults to data/agg_p_nom_minmax.csv.
		type	string
constraints	Configuration for solving.constraints settings.
	properties
	CCL	Add minimum and maximum levels of generator nominal capacity per carrier for individual countries. These can be specified in the file linked at electricity: agg_p_nom_limits in the configuration. File defaults to data/agg_p_nom_minmax.csv. Does not work with a time resolution resampling.
		type	boolean
	EQ	Require each country or node to on average produce a minimal share of its total consumption itself. Example: EQ0.5c demands each country to produce on average at least 50% of its consumption; EQ0.5 demands each node to produce on average at least 50% of its consumption.
		anyOf	type	boolean
			type	string
	BAU	Add a per-carrier minimal overall capacity; i.e. at least 40GW of OCGT in Europe; configured in electricity: BAU_mincapacities
		type	boolean
	SAFE	Add a capacity reserve margin of a certain fraction above the peak demand to which renewable generators and storage do not contribute. Ignores network.
		type	boolean
solver	Configuration for solving.solver settings.
	properties
	name	Solver to use for optimisation problems in the workflow; e.g. clustering and linear optimal power flow.
		type	string
	options	Link to specific parameter settings.
		type	string
solver_options	Dictionaries with solver-specific parameter settings.
	type	object
check_objective	Configuration for solving.check_objective settings.
	properties
	enable	Enable objective value checking.
		type	boolean
	expected_value	Expected objective value.
		anyOf	type	number
			type	null
	atol	Absolute tolerance.
		type	number
	rtol	Relative tolerance.
		type	number
oetc	Configuration options for Open Energy Transition Computing (OETC) cluster support.
	anyOf	Configuration for solving.oetc settings (Open Energy Transition Computing cluster support).
		properties
		name	Name identifier for the OETC job.
			type	string
		authentication_server_url	URL of the OETC authentication server for job submission.
			type	string
		orchestrator_server_url	URL of the OETC orchestrator server for job management.
			type	string
		cpu_cores	Number of CPU cores to request for the OETC job. (includes RAM amount at the moment with a factor of 8)
			type	integer
		disk_space_gb	Amount of disk space in gigabytes to request for the OETC job.
			type	integer
		delete_worker_on_error	Whether to delete the worker instance when an error occurs during job execution.
			type	boolean
		type	null
mem_mb	Estimated maximum memory requirement for solving networks (MB).
	type	integer
memory_logging_frequency	Interval in seconds at which memory usage is logged.
	type	integer
runtime	Runtime in humanfriendly style.
	type	string

`data`#

Controls which versions of input data are used for building the model. Versions that are available for each dataset can be found in data/versions.csv. By default, we retrieve the latest supported version for each dataset from an archive source. This means that when upgrading between PyPSA-Eur versions, new versions of input data may also be downloaded and used. To freeze a model to a specific version of input data, you can set a specific version in the version field for each dataset to one specific version as listed in data/versions.csv.

Some datasets support primary or build as a source option, meaning that the data can be retrieved from the original data source or build it from the latest available data. See the data/versions.csv file for all available datasets and their sources/versions that are supported.

data:
  hotmaps_industrial_sites:
    source: archive
    version: latest
  enspreso_biomass:
    source: archive
    version: latest
  osm:
    source: archive
    version: latest
  worldbank_urban_population:
    source: archive
    version: latest
  gem_europe_gas_tracker:
    source: archive
    version: latest
  co2stop:
    source: archive
    version: latest
  nitrogen_statistics:
    source: archive
    version: latest
  eu_nuts2013:
    source: archive
    version: latest
  eu_nuts2021:
    source: archive
    version: latest
  eurostat_balances:
    source: archive
    version: latest
  eurostat_household_balances:
    source: archive
    version: latest
  wdpa:
    source: archive
    version: latest
  wdpa_marine:
    source: archive
    version: latest
  luisa_land_cover:
    source: archive
    version: latest
  jrc_idees:
    source: archive
    version: latest
  scigrid_gas:
    source: primary
    version: latest
  synthetic_electricity_demand:
    source: primary
    version: latest
  copernicus_land_cover:
    source: primary
    version: latest
  ship_raster:
    source: archive
    version: latest
  eez:
    source: archive
    version: latest
  nuts3_population:
    source: archive
    version: latest
  gdp_per_capita:
    source: archive
    version: latest
  population_count:
    source: archive
    version: latest
  ghg_emissions:
    source: archive
    version: latest
  gebco:
    source: archive
    version: latest
  attributed_ports:
    source: archive
    version: latest
  corine:
    source: archive
    version: latest
  emobility:
    source: archive
    version: latest
  h2_salt_caverns:
    source: archive
    version: latest
  lau_regions:
    source: archive
    version: latest
  aquifer_data:
    source: archive
    version: latest
  osm_boundaries:
    source: archive
    version: latest
  gem_gspt:
    source: archive
    version: latest
  tyndp:
    source: archive
    version: latest
  powerplants:
    source: primary
    version: latest
  costs:
    source: primary
    version: latest
  country_runoff:
    source: archive
    version: latest
  country_hdd:
    source: archive
    version: latest
  natura:
    source: archive
    version: latest
  bfs_road_vehicle_stock:
    source: primary
    version: latest
  bfs_gdp_and_population:
    source: primary
    version: latest
  mobility_profiles:
    source: archive
    version: latest
  cutout:
    source: archive
    version: latest
  dh_areas:
    source: archive
    version: latest
  geothermal_heat_utilisation_potentials:
    source: archive
    version: latest
  jrc_ardeco:
    source: archive
    version: latest

Details

Configuration for data settings.
properties
hotmaps_industrial_sites	Configuration for a single data source.
	properties
	source	Source of the data. ‘archive’ retrieves pre-built data, ‘primary’ retrieves from primary source.
		type	string
		enum	archive, primary, build
	version	Version of the data to use. Uses the specific ‘version’ for the selected ‘source’ or the dataset tagged ‘latest’ for this source.
		type	string
enspreso_biomass	Configuration for a single data source.
	properties
	source	Source of the data. ‘archive’ retrieves pre-built data, ‘primary’ retrieves from primary source.
		type	string
		enum	archive, primary, build
	version	Version of the data to use. Uses the specific ‘version’ for the selected ‘source’ or the dataset tagged ‘latest’ for this source.
		type	string
osm	Configuration for a single data source.
	properties
	source	Source of the data. ‘archive’ retrieves pre-built data, ‘primary’ retrieves from primary source.
		type	string
		enum	archive, primary, build
	version	Version of the data to use. Uses the specific ‘version’ for the selected ‘source’ or the dataset tagged ‘latest’ for this source.
		type	string
worldbank_urban_population	Configuration for a single data source.
	properties
	source	Source of the data. ‘archive’ retrieves pre-built data, ‘primary’ retrieves from primary source.
		type	string
		enum	archive, primary, build
	version	Version of the data to use. Uses the specific ‘version’ for the selected ‘source’ or the dataset tagged ‘latest’ for this source.
		type	string
gem_europe_gas_tracker	Configuration for a single data source.
	properties
	source	Source of the data. ‘archive’ retrieves pre-built data, ‘primary’ retrieves from primary source.
		type	string
		enum	archive, primary, build
	version	Version of the data to use. Uses the specific ‘version’ for the selected ‘source’ or the dataset tagged ‘latest’ for this source.
		type	string
co2stop	Configuration for a single data source.
	properties
	source	Source of the data. ‘archive’ retrieves pre-built data, ‘primary’ retrieves from primary source.
		type	string
		enum	archive, primary, build
	version	Version of the data to use. Uses the specific ‘version’ for the selected ‘source’ or the dataset tagged ‘latest’ for this source.
		type	string
nitrogen_statistics	Configuration for a single data source.
	properties
	source	Source of the data. ‘archive’ retrieves pre-built data, ‘primary’ retrieves from primary source.
		type	string
		enum	archive, primary, build
	version	Version of the data to use. Uses the specific ‘version’ for the selected ‘source’ or the dataset tagged ‘latest’ for this source.
		type	string
eu_nuts2013	Configuration for a single data source.
	properties
	source	Source of the data. ‘archive’ retrieves pre-built data, ‘primary’ retrieves from primary source.
		type	string
		enum	archive, primary, build
	version	Version of the data to use. Uses the specific ‘version’ for the selected ‘source’ or the dataset tagged ‘latest’ for this source.
		type	string
eu_nuts2021	Configuration for a single data source.
	properties
	source	Source of the data. ‘archive’ retrieves pre-built data, ‘primary’ retrieves from primary source.
		type	string
		enum	archive, primary, build
	version	Version of the data to use. Uses the specific ‘version’ for the selected ‘source’ or the dataset tagged ‘latest’ for this source.
		type	string
eurostat_balances	Configuration for a single data source.
	properties
	source	Source of the data. ‘archive’ retrieves pre-built data, ‘primary’ retrieves from primary source.
		type	string
		enum	archive, primary, build
	version	Version of the data to use. Uses the specific ‘version’ for the selected ‘source’ or the dataset tagged ‘latest’ for this source.
		type	string
eurostat_household_balances	Configuration for a single data source.
	properties
	source	Source of the data. ‘archive’ retrieves pre-built data, ‘primary’ retrieves from primary source.
		type	string
		enum	archive, primary, build
	version	Version of the data to use. Uses the specific ‘version’ for the selected ‘source’ or the dataset tagged ‘latest’ for this source.
		type	string
wdpa	Configuration for a single data source.
	properties
	source	Source of the data. ‘archive’ retrieves pre-built data, ‘primary’ retrieves from primary source.
		type	string
		enum	archive, primary, build
	version	Version of the data to use. Uses the specific ‘version’ for the selected ‘source’ or the dataset tagged ‘latest’ for this source.
		type	string
wdpa_marine	Configuration for a single data source.
	properties
	source	Source of the data. ‘archive’ retrieves pre-built data, ‘primary’ retrieves from primary source.
		type	string
		enum	archive, primary, build
	version	Version of the data to use. Uses the specific ‘version’ for the selected ‘source’ or the dataset tagged ‘latest’ for this source.
		type	string
luisa_land_cover	Configuration for a single data source.
	properties
	source	Source of the data. ‘archive’ retrieves pre-built data, ‘primary’ retrieves from primary source.
		type	string
		enum	archive, primary, build
	version	Version of the data to use. Uses the specific ‘version’ for the selected ‘source’ or the dataset tagged ‘latest’ for this source.
		type	string
jrc_idees	Configuration for a single data source.
	properties
	source	Source of the data. ‘archive’ retrieves pre-built data, ‘primary’ retrieves from primary source.
		type	string
		enum	archive, primary, build
	version	Version of the data to use. Uses the specific ‘version’ for the selected ‘source’ or the dataset tagged ‘latest’ for this source.
		type	string
scigrid_gas	Configuration for a single data source.
	properties
	source	Source of the data. ‘archive’ retrieves pre-built data, ‘primary’ retrieves from primary source.
		type	string
		enum	archive, primary, build
	version	Version of the data to use. Uses the specific ‘version’ for the selected ‘source’ or the dataset tagged ‘latest’ for this source.
		type	string
synthetic_electricity_demand	Configuration for a single data source.
	properties
	source	Source of the data. ‘archive’ retrieves pre-built data, ‘primary’ retrieves from primary source.
		type	string
		enum	archive, primary, build
	version	Version of the data to use. Uses the specific ‘version’ for the selected ‘source’ or the dataset tagged ‘latest’ for this source.
		type	string
copernicus_land_cover	Configuration for a single data source.
	properties
	source	Source of the data. ‘archive’ retrieves pre-built data, ‘primary’ retrieves from primary source.
		type	string
		enum	archive, primary, build
	version	Version of the data to use. Uses the specific ‘version’ for the selected ‘source’ or the dataset tagged ‘latest’ for this source.
		type	string
ship_raster	Configuration for a single data source.
	properties
	source	Source of the data. ‘archive’ retrieves pre-built data, ‘primary’ retrieves from primary source.
		type	string
		enum	archive, primary, build
	version	Version of the data to use. Uses the specific ‘version’ for the selected ‘source’ or the dataset tagged ‘latest’ for this source.
		type	string
eez	Configuration for a single data source.
	properties
	source	Source of the data. ‘archive’ retrieves pre-built data, ‘primary’ retrieves from primary source.
		type	string
		enum	archive, primary, build
	version	Version of the data to use. Uses the specific ‘version’ for the selected ‘source’ or the dataset tagged ‘latest’ for this source.
		type	string
nuts3_population	Configuration for a single data source.
	properties
	source	Source of the data. ‘archive’ retrieves pre-built data, ‘primary’ retrieves from primary source.
		type	string
		enum	archive, primary, build
	version	Version of the data to use. Uses the specific ‘version’ for the selected ‘source’ or the dataset tagged ‘latest’ for this source.
		type	string
gdp_per_capita	Configuration for a single data source.
	properties
	source	Source of the data. ‘archive’ retrieves pre-built data, ‘primary’ retrieves from primary source.
		type	string
		enum	archive, primary, build
	version	Version of the data to use. Uses the specific ‘version’ for the selected ‘source’ or the dataset tagged ‘latest’ for this source.
		type	string
population_count	Configuration for a single data source.
	properties
	source	Source of the data. ‘archive’ retrieves pre-built data, ‘primary’ retrieves from primary source.
		type	string
		enum	archive, primary, build
	version	Version of the data to use. Uses the specific ‘version’ for the selected ‘source’ or the dataset tagged ‘latest’ for this source.
		type	string
ghg_emissions	Configuration for a single data source.
	properties
	source	Source of the data. ‘archive’ retrieves pre-built data, ‘primary’ retrieves from primary source.
		type	string
		enum	archive, primary, build
	version	Version of the data to use. Uses the specific ‘version’ for the selected ‘source’ or the dataset tagged ‘latest’ for this source.
		type	string
gebco	Configuration for a single data source.
	properties
	source	Source of the data. ‘archive’ retrieves pre-built data, ‘primary’ retrieves from primary source.
		type	string
		enum	archive, primary, build
	version	Version of the data to use. Uses the specific ‘version’ for the selected ‘source’ or the dataset tagged ‘latest’ for this source.
		type	string
attributed_ports	Configuration for a single data source.
	properties
	source	Source of the data. ‘archive’ retrieves pre-built data, ‘primary’ retrieves from primary source.
		type	string
		enum	archive, primary, build
	version	Version of the data to use. Uses the specific ‘version’ for the selected ‘source’ or the dataset tagged ‘latest’ for this source.
		type	string
corine	Configuration for a single data source.
	properties
	source	Source of the data. ‘archive’ retrieves pre-built data, ‘primary’ retrieves from primary source.
		type	string
		enum	archive, primary, build
	version	Version of the data to use. Uses the specific ‘version’ for the selected ‘source’ or the dataset tagged ‘latest’ for this source.
		type	string
emobility	Configuration for a single data source.
	properties
	source	Source of the data. ‘archive’ retrieves pre-built data, ‘primary’ retrieves from primary source.
		type	string
		enum	archive, primary, build
	version	Version of the data to use. Uses the specific ‘version’ for the selected ‘source’ or the dataset tagged ‘latest’ for this source.
		type	string
h2_salt_caverns	Configuration for a single data source.
	properties
	source	Source of the data. ‘archive’ retrieves pre-built data, ‘primary’ retrieves from primary source.
		type	string
		enum	archive, primary, build
	version	Version of the data to use. Uses the specific ‘version’ for the selected ‘source’ or the dataset tagged ‘latest’ for this source.
		type	string
lau_regions	Configuration for a single data source.
	properties
	source	Source of the data. ‘archive’ retrieves pre-built data, ‘primary’ retrieves from primary source.
		type	string
		enum	archive, primary, build
	version	Version of the data to use. Uses the specific ‘version’ for the selected ‘source’ or the dataset tagged ‘latest’ for this source.
		type	string
aquifer_data	Configuration for a single data source.
	properties
	source	Source of the data. ‘archive’ retrieves pre-built data, ‘primary’ retrieves from primary source.
		type	string
		enum	archive, primary, build
	version	Version of the data to use. Uses the specific ‘version’ for the selected ‘source’ or the dataset tagged ‘latest’ for this source.
		type	string
osm_boundaries	Configuration for a single data source.
	properties
	source	Source of the data. ‘archive’ retrieves pre-built data, ‘primary’ retrieves from primary source.
		type	string
		enum	archive, primary, build
	version	Version of the data to use. Uses the specific ‘version’ for the selected ‘source’ or the dataset tagged ‘latest’ for this source.
		type	string
gem_gspt	Configuration for a single data source.
	properties
	source	Source of the data. ‘archive’ retrieves pre-built data, ‘primary’ retrieves from primary source.
		type	string
		enum	archive, primary, build
	version	Version of the data to use. Uses the specific ‘version’ for the selected ‘source’ or the dataset tagged ‘latest’ for this source.
		type	string
tyndp	Configuration for a single data source.
	properties
	source	Source of the data. ‘archive’ retrieves pre-built data, ‘primary’ retrieves from primary source.
		type	string
		enum	archive, primary, build
	version	Version of the data to use. Uses the specific ‘version’ for the selected ‘source’ or the dataset tagged ‘latest’ for this source.
		type	string
powerplants	Configuration for a single data source.
	properties
	source	Source of the data. ‘archive’ retrieves pre-built data, ‘primary’ retrieves from primary source.
		type	string
		enum	archive, primary, build
	version	Version of the data to use. Uses the specific ‘version’ for the selected ‘source’ or the dataset tagged ‘latest’ for this source.
		type	string
costs	Configuration for a single data source.
	properties
	source	Source of the data. ‘archive’ retrieves pre-built data, ‘primary’ retrieves from primary source.
		type	string
		enum	archive, primary, build
	version	Version of the data to use. Uses the specific ‘version’ for the selected ‘source’ or the dataset tagged ‘latest’ for this source.
		type	string
country_runoff	Configuration for a single data source.
	properties
	source	Source of the data. ‘archive’ retrieves pre-built data, ‘primary’ retrieves from primary source.
		type	string
		enum	archive, primary, build
	version	Version of the data to use. Uses the specific ‘version’ for the selected ‘source’ or the dataset tagged ‘latest’ for this source.
		type	string
country_hdd	Configuration for a single data source.
	properties
	source	Source of the data. ‘archive’ retrieves pre-built data, ‘primary’ retrieves from primary source.
		type	string
		enum	archive, primary, build
	version	Version of the data to use. Uses the specific ‘version’ for the selected ‘source’ or the dataset tagged ‘latest’ for this source.
		type	string
natura	Configuration for a single data source.
	properties
	source	Source of the data. ‘archive’ retrieves pre-built data, ‘primary’ retrieves from primary source.
		type	string
		enum	archive, primary, build
	version	Version of the data to use. Uses the specific ‘version’ for the selected ‘source’ or the dataset tagged ‘latest’ for this source.
		type	string
bfs_road_vehicle_stock	Configuration for a single data source.
	properties
	source	Source of the data. ‘archive’ retrieves pre-built data, ‘primary’ retrieves from primary source.
		type	string
		enum	archive, primary, build
	version	Version of the data to use. Uses the specific ‘version’ for the selected ‘source’ or the dataset tagged ‘latest’ for this source.
		type	string
bfs_gdp_and_population	Configuration for a single data source.
	properties
	source	Source of the data. ‘archive’ retrieves pre-built data, ‘primary’ retrieves from primary source.
		type	string
		enum	archive, primary, build
	version	Version of the data to use. Uses the specific ‘version’ for the selected ‘source’ or the dataset tagged ‘latest’ for this source.
		type	string
mobility_profiles	Configuration for a single data source.
	properties
	source	Source of the data. ‘archive’ retrieves pre-built data, ‘primary’ retrieves from primary source.
		type	string
		enum	archive, primary, build
	version	Version of the data to use. Uses the specific ‘version’ for the selected ‘source’ or the dataset tagged ‘latest’ for this source.
		type	string
cutout	Configuration for a single data source.
	properties
	source	Source of the data. ‘archive’ retrieves pre-built data, ‘primary’ retrieves from primary source.
		type	string
		enum	archive, primary, build
	version	Version of the data to use. Uses the specific ‘version’ for the selected ‘source’ or the dataset tagged ‘latest’ for this source.
		type	string
dh_areas	Configuration for a single data source.
	properties
	source	Source of the data. ‘archive’ retrieves pre-built data, ‘primary’ retrieves from primary source.
		type	string
		enum	archive, primary, build
	version	Version of the data to use. Uses the specific ‘version’ for the selected ‘source’ or the dataset tagged ‘latest’ for this source.
		type	string
geothermal_heat_utilisation_potentials	Configuration for a single data source.
	properties
	source	Source of the data. ‘archive’ retrieves pre-built data, ‘primary’ retrieves from primary source.
		type	string
		enum	archive, primary, build
	version	Version of the data to use. Uses the specific ‘version’ for the selected ‘source’ or the dataset tagged ‘latest’ for this source.
		type	string
jrc_ardeco	Configuration for a single data source.
	properties
	source	Source of the data. ‘archive’ retrieves pre-built data, ‘primary’ retrieves from primary source.
		type	string
		enum	archive, primary, build
	version	Version of the data to use. Uses the specific ‘version’ for the selected ‘source’ or the dataset tagged ‘latest’ for this source.
		type	string

`overpass_api`#

overpass_api:
  url: "https://overpass-api.de/api/interpreter"
  max_tries: 5
  timeout: 600
  user_agent:
    project_name: "PyPSA-Eur"
    email: "contact@pypsa.org"
    website: "https://github.com/PyPSA/pypsa-eur"

`secrets`#

secrets:
  corine: ""

`plotting`#

plotting:
  enable_heat_source_maps: false
  map:
    boundaries: [-11, 30, 34, 71]
    geomap_colors:
      ocean: white
      land: white
  projection:
    name: "EqualEarth"
    # See https://scitools.org.uk/cartopy/docs/latest/reference/projections.html for alternatives, for example:
    # name: "LambertConformal"
    # central_longitude: 10.
    # central_latitude: 50.
    # standard_parallels: [35, 65]
  eu_node_location:
    x: -5.5
    y: 46.
  costs_max: 1000
  costs_threshold: 1
  energy_max: 20000
  energy_min: -20000
  energy_threshold: 50.
  balance_timeseries:
    max_threshold: 5 # GW
    mean_threshold: 1 # GW
    monthly: true
    monthly_resolution:
    annual: true
    annual_resolution: D
    carriers:
    - H2
    - NH3
    - gas
    - methanol
    - oil
    - solid biomass
    - biogas
    - co2 stored
    - co2
    carrier_groups:
      electricity:
      - AC
      - low voltage
      heat:
      - urban central heat
      - urban decentral heat
      - rural heat
      - residential urban decentral heat
      - residential rural heat
      - services urban decentral heat
      - services rural heat
  interactive_bus_balance:
    bus_name_pattern: None
  heatmap_timeseries:
    marginal_price:
    - AC
    - H2
    - NH3
    - gas
    - methanol
    - oil
    - co2 stored
    - urban central heat
    utilisation_rate:
    - solar
    - solar rooftop
    - solar-hsat
    - onwind
    - offwind-dc
    - offwind-ac
    - offwind-float
    - ror
    - hydro
    - PHS
    - battery charger
    - battery discharger
    - H2 Electrolysis
    - Fischer-Tropsch
    - methanolisation
    - Sabatier
    - OCGT
    - H2 Fuel Cell
    - urban central CHP
    - urban central CHP CC
    - urban central solid biomass CHP
    - urban central solid biomass CHP CC
    - rural gas boiler
    - urban central air heat pump
    - DAC
    soc:
    - battery
    - H2 Store
    - co2 stored
    - gas
    - methanol
    - oil
    - urban central water tanks
  balance_map:
    bus_carriers:
    - AC
    - H2
    - gas
    - oil
    - methanol
    - co2 stored
    - urban central heat
    AC:
      unit: TWh
      unit_conversion: 1_000_000
      cmap: Greens
      vmin:
      vmax:
      region_unit: €/MWh
      bus_factor: 0.002
      branch_factor: 0.01
      flow_factor: 100
      bus_sizes:
      - 200
      - 100
      branch_sizes:
      - 100
      - 20
    gas:
      unit: TWh
      unit_conversion: 1_000_000
      cmap: Purples
      vmin:
      vmax:
      region_unit: €/MWh
      bus_factor: 0.002
      branch_factor: 0.05
      flow_factor: 60
      bus_sizes:
      - 200
      - 100
      branch_sizes:
      - 100
      - 50
    H2:
      unit: TWh
      unit_conversion: 1_000_000
      cmap: Blues
      vmin:
      vmax:
      region_unit: €/MWh
      bus_factor: 0.002
      branch_factor: 0.07
      flow_factor: 50
      bus_sizes:
      - 50
      - 25
      branch_sizes:
      - 40
      - 20
    co2 stored:
      unit: Mt
      unit_conversion: 1_000_000
      cmap: Purples
      vmin:
      vmax:
      region_unit: €/t_${CO_2}$
      bus_factor: 0.03
      branch_factor: 1
      flow_factor: 2_000
      bus_sizes:
      - 50
      - 10
      branch_sizes:
      - 5
      - 2
    urban central heat:
      unit: TWh
      unit_conversion: 1_000_000
      cmap: Oranges
      vmin:
      vmax:
      region_unit: €/MWh
      bus_factor: 0.005
      branch_factor: 0.1
      flow_factor: 100
      bus_sizes:
      - 300
      - 100
      branch_sizes:
    methanol:
      unit: TWh
      unit_conversion: 1_000_000
      cmap: Greens
      vmin:
      vmax:
      region_unit: €/MWh
      bus_factor: 0.005
      branch_factor: 0.1
      flow_factor: 100
      bus_sizes:
      - 20
      - 10
      branch_sizes:
    biogas:
      unit: TWh
      unit_conversion: 1_000_000
      cmap: Greens
      vmin:
      vmax:
      region_unit: €/MWh
      bus_factor: 0.1
      branch_factor: 0.1
      flow_factor: 100
      bus_sizes:
      - 100
      - 50
      branch_sizes:
    solid biomass:
      unit: TWh
      unit_conversion: 1_000_000
      cmap: Greens
      vmin:
      vmax:
      region_unit: €/MWh
      bus_factor: 0.01
      branch_factor: 0.1
      flow_factor: 100
      bus_sizes:
      - 100
      - 50
      branch_sizes:
    oil:
      unit: TWh
      unit_conversion: 1_000_000
      cmap: Greys
      vmin:
      vmax:
      region_unit: €/MWh
      bus_factor: 0.002
      branch_factor: 0.01
      flow_factor: 100
      bus_sizes:
      - 200
      - 100
      branch_sizes:

  nice_names:
    OCGT: "Open-Cycle Gas"
    CCGT: "Combined-Cycle Gas"
    offwind-ac: "Offshore Wind (AC)"
    offwind-dc: "Offshore Wind (DC)"
    offwind-float: "Offshore Wind (Floating)"
    onwind: "Onshore Wind"
    solar: "Solar"
    PHS: "Pumped Hydro Storage"
    hydro: "Reservoir & Dam"
    battery: "Battery Storage"
    H2: "Hydrogen Storage"
    lines: "Transmission Lines"
    ror: "Run of River"
    load: "Load Shedding"
    ac: "AC"
    dc: "DC"

  tech_colors:
    # wind
    onwind: "#235ebc"
    onshore wind: "#235ebc"
    offwind: "#6895dd"
    offshore wind: "#6895dd"
    offwind-ac: "#6895dd"
    offshore wind (AC): "#6895dd"
    offshore wind ac: "#6895dd"
    offwind-dc: "#74c6f2"
    offshore wind (DC): "#74c6f2"
    offshore wind dc: "#74c6f2"
    offwind-float: "#b5e2fa"
    offshore wind (Float): "#b5e2fa"
    offshore wind float: "#b5e2fa"
    # water
    hydro: '#298c81'
    hydro reservoir: '#298c81'
    ror: '#3dbfb0'
    run of river: '#3dbfb0'
    hydroelectricity: '#298c81'
    PHS: '#51dbcc'
    hydro+PHS: "#08ad97"
    # solar
    solar: "#f9d002"
    solar PV: "#f9d002"
    solar-hsat: "#fdb915"
    solar thermal: '#ffbf2b'
    residential rural solar thermal: '#f1c069'
    services rural solar thermal: '#eabf61'
    residential urban decentral solar thermal: '#e5bc5a'
    services urban decentral solar thermal: '#dfb953'
    urban central solar thermal: '#d7b24c'
    solar rooftop: '#ffea80'
    # gas
    OCGT: '#e0986c'
    OCGT marginal: '#e0986c'
    OCGT-heat: '#e0986c'
    gas boiler: '#db6a25'
    gas boilers: '#db6a25'
    gas boiler marginal: '#db6a25'
    residential rural gas boiler: '#d4722e'
    residential urban decentral gas boiler: '#cb7a36'
    services rural gas boiler: '#c4813f'
    services urban decentral gas boiler: '#ba8947'
    urban central gas boiler: '#b0904f'
    gas: '#e05b09'
    fossil gas: '#e05b09'
    natural gas: '#e05b09'
    biogas to gas: '#e36311'
    biogas to gas CC: '#e51245'
    CCGT: '#a85522'
    CCGT marginal: '#a85522'
    allam: '#B98F76'
    gas for industry co2 to atmosphere: '#692e0a'
    gas for industry co2 to stored: '#8a3400'
    gas for industry: '#853403'
    gas for industry CC: '#692e0a'
    gas pipeline: '#ebbca0'
    gas pipeline new: '#a87c62'
    # oil
    oil: '#c9c9c9'
    oil primary: '#d2d2d2'
    oil refining: '#e6e6e6'
    imported oil: '#a3a3a3'
    oil boiler: '#adadad'
    residential rural oil boiler: '#a9a9a9'
    services rural oil boiler: '#a5a5a5'
    residential urban decentral oil boiler: '#a1a1a1'
    urban central oil boiler: '#9d9d9d'
    services urban decentral oil boiler: '#999999'
    agriculture machinery oil: '#949494'
    agriculture machinery electric: '#444578'
    shipping oil: "#808080"
    land transport oil: '#afafaf'
    # nuclear
    Nuclear: '#ff8c00'
    Nuclear marginal: '#ff8c00'
    nuclear: '#ff8c00'
    uranium: '#ff8c00'
    # coal
    Coal: '#545454'
    coal: '#545454'
    Coal marginal: '#545454'
    coal for industry: '#343434'
    solid: '#545454'
    Lignite: '#826837'
    lignite: '#826837'
    Lignite marginal: '#826837'
    # biomass
    biogas: '#e3d37d'
    biomass: '#baa741'
    solid biomass: '#baa741'
    municipal solid waste: '#91ba41'
    solid biomass import: '#d5ca8d'
    solid biomass transport: '#baa741'
    solid biomass for industry: '#7a6d26'
    solid biomass for industry CC: '#47411c'
    solid biomass for industry co2 from atmosphere: '#736412'
    solid biomass for industry co2 to stored: '#47411c'
    urban central solid biomass CHP: '#9d9042'
    urban central solid biomass CHP CC: '#6c5d28'
    biomass boiler: '#8A9A5B'
    residential rural biomass boiler: '#a1a066'
    residential urban decentral biomass boiler: '#b0b87b'
    services rural biomass boiler: '#c6cf98'
    services urban decentral biomass boiler: '#dde5b5'
    biomass to liquid: '#32CD32'
    unsustainable solid biomass: '#998622'
    unsustainable bioliquids: '#32CD32'
    electrobiofuels: 'red'
    BioSNG: '#123456'
    BioSNG CC: '#45233b'
    solid biomass to hydrogen: '#654321'
    # power transmission
    lines: '#6c9459'
    transmission lines: '#6c9459'
    electricity distribution grid: '#97ad8c'
    low voltage: '#97ad8c'
    # electricity demand
    Electric load: '#110d63'
    electric demand: '#110d63'
    electricity: '#110d63'
    industry electricity: '#2d2a66'
    industry new electricity: '#2d2a66'
    agriculture electricity: '#494778'
    # battery + EVs
    battery: '#ace37f'
    battery storage: '#ace37f'
    battery charger: '#88a75b'
    battery discharger: '#5d4e29'
    home battery: '#80c944'
    home battery storage: '#80c944'
    home battery charger: '#5e8032'
    home battery discharger: '#3c5221'
    BEV charger: '#baf238'
    V2G: '#e5ffa8'
    land transport EV: '#baf238'
    land transport demand: '#38baf2'
    EV battery: '#baf238'
    # hot water storage
    water tanks: '#e69487'
    residential rural water tanks: '#f7b7a3'
    services rural water tanks: '#f3afa3'
    residential urban decentral water tanks: '#f2b2a3'
    services urban decentral water tanks: '#f1b4a4'
    urban central water tanks: '#e9977d'
    hot water storage: '#e69487'
    hot water charging: '#e8998b'
    urban central water tanks charger: '#b57a67'
    residential rural water tanks charger: '#b4887c'
    residential urban decentral water tanks charger: '#b39995'
    services rural water tanks charger: '#b3abb0'
    services urban decentral water tanks charger: '#b3becc'
    hot water discharging: '#e99c8e'
    urban central water tanks discharger: '#b9816e'
    residential rural water tanks discharger: '#ba9685'
    residential urban decentral water tanks discharger: '#baac9e'
    services rural water tanks discharger: '#bbc2b8'
    services urban decentral water tanks discharger: '#bdd8d3'
    water pits: "#cc826a"
    water pits charger: "#b36a5e"
    water pits discharger: "#b37468"
    urban central water pits: "#d96f4c"
    urban central water pits charger: "#a85d47"
    urban central water pits discharger: "#b36452"
    aquifer thermal energy storage: "#6d00fc"
    aquifer thermal energy storage charger: "#6d00fc"
    aquifer thermal energy storage discharger: "#6d00fc"
    # heat demand
    Heat load: '#cc1f1f'
    heat: '#cc1f1f'
    heat vent: '#aa3344'
    heat demand: '#cc1f1f'
    rural heat: '#ff5c5c'
    rural heat dsm: '#ff5c5c'
    residential rural heat: '#ff7c7c'
    services rural heat: '#ff9c9c'
    central heat: '#cc1f1f'
    urban central heat: '#d15959'
    urban central heat dsm: '#d15959'
    urban central heat vent: '#a74747'
    decentral heat: '#750606'
    residential urban decentral heat: '#a33c3c'
    residential urban decentral heat dsm: '#a33c3c'
    services urban decentral heat: '#cc1f1f'
    low-temperature heat for industry: '#8f2727'
    process heat: '#ff0000'
    agriculture heat: '#d9a5a5'
    # heat supply
    heat pumps: '#2fb537'
    heat pump: '#2fb537'
    air heat pump: '#36eb41'
    residential urban decentral air heat pump: '#48f74f'
    services urban decentral air heat pump: '#5af95d'
    services rural air heat pump: '#5af95d'
    urban central air heat pump: '#6cfb6b'
    ptes heat pump: '#5dade2'
    urban central ptes heat pump: '#3498db'
    urban central geothermal heat pump: '#4f2144'
    geothermal heat pump: '#4f2144'
    geothermal heat direct utilisation: '#ba91b1'
    river_water heat: '#4bb9f2'
    river_water heat pump: '#4bb9f2'
    sea_water heat: '#0b222e'
    sea_water heat pump: '#0b222e'
    ground heat pump: '#2fb537'
    residential rural ground heat pump: '#4f2144'
    residential rural air heat pump: '#48f74f'
    services rural ground heat pump: '#5af95d'
    Ambient: '#98eb9d'
    CHP: '#8a5751'
    urban central gas CHP: '#8d5e56'
    CHP CC: '#634643'
    urban central gas CHP CC: '#6e4e4c'
    CHP heat: '#8a5751'
    CHP electric: '#8a5751'
    district heating: '#e8beac'
    resistive heater: '#d8f9b8'
    residential rural resistive heater: '#bef5b5'
    residential urban decentral resistive heater: '#b2f1a9'
    services rural resistive heater: '#a5ed9d'
    services urban decentral resistive heater: '#98e991'
    urban central resistive heater: '#8cdf85'
    retrofitting: '#8487e8'
    building retrofitting: '#8487e8'
    # hydrogen
    H2 for industry: "#f073da"
    H2 for shipping: "#ebaee0"
    H2: '#bf13a0'
    hydrogen: '#bf13a0'
    retrofitted H2 boiler: '#e5a0d9'
    SMR: '#870c71'
    SMR CC: '#4f1745'
    H2 liquefaction: '#d647bd'
    hydrogen storage: '#bf13a0'
    H2 Store: '#bf13a0'
    H2 storage: '#bf13a0'
    land transport fuel cell: '#6b3161'
    H2 pipeline: '#f081dc'
    H2 pipeline retrofitted: '#ba99b5'
    H2 Fuel Cell: '#c251ae'
    H2 fuel cell: '#c251ae'
    H2 turbine: '#991f83'
    H2 Electrolysis: '#ff29d9'
    H2 electrolysis: '#ff29d9'
    # ammonia
    NH3: '#46caf0'
    ammonia: '#46caf0'
    ammonia store: '#00ace0'
    ammonia cracker: '#87d0e6'
    Haber-Bosch: '#076987'
    # syngas
    Sabatier: '#9850ad'
    methanation: '#c44ce6'
    methane: '#c44ce6'
    # synfuels
    Fischer-Tropsch: '#25c49a'
    liquid: '#25c49a'
    kerosene for aviation: '#a1ffe6'
    naphtha for industry: '#57ebc4'
    methanol-to-kerosene: '#C98468'
    methanol-to-olefins/aromatics: '#FFA07A'
    Methanol steam reforming: '#FFBF00'
    Methanol steam reforming CC: '#A2EA8A'
    methanolisation: '#00FFBF'
    biomass-to-methanol: '#EAD28A'
    biomass-to-methanol CC: '#EADBAD'
    allam methanol: '#B98F76'
    CCGT methanol: '#B98F76'
    CCGT methanol CC: '#B98F76'
    OCGT methanol: '#B98F76'
    methanol: '#FF7B00'
    methanol transport: '#FF7B00'
    shipping methanol: '#468c8b'
    industry methanol: '#468c8b'
    # co2
    CC: '#f29dae'
    CCS: '#f29dae'
    CO2 sequestration: '#f29dae'
    DAC: '#ff5270'
    co2 stored: '#f2385a'
    co2 sequestered: '#f2682f'
    co2: '#f29dae'
    co2 vent: '#ffd4dc'
    CO2 pipeline: '#f5627f'
    # emissions
    process emissions CC: '#000000'
    process emissions: '#222222'
    process emissions to stored: '#444444'
    process emissions to atmosphere: '#888888'
    oil emissions: '#aaaaaa'
    shipping oil emissions: "#555555"
    shipping methanol emissions: '#666666'
    land transport oil emissions: '#777777'
    agriculture machinery oil emissions: '#333333'
    # other
    shipping: '#03a2ff'
    power-to-heat: '#2fb537'
    power-to-gas: '#c44ce6'
    power-to-H2: '#ff29d9'
    power-to-liquid: '#25c49a'
    gas-to-power/heat: '#ee8340'
    waste: '#e3d37d'
    other: '#000000'
    geothermal: '#ba91b1'
    geothermal heat: '#ba91b1'
    geothermal district heat: '#d19D00'
    geothermal organic rankine cycle: '#ffbf00'
    AC: "#70af1d"
    AC-AC: "#70af1d"
    AC line: "#70af1d"
    links: "#8a1caf"
    HVDC links: "#8a1caf"
    DC: "#8a1caf"
    DC-DC: "#8a1caf"
    DC link: "#8a1caf"
    load: "#dd2e23"
    waste CHP: '#e3d37d'
    waste CHP CC: '#e3d3ff'
    non-sequestered HVC: '#8f79b5'
    HVC to air: 'k'
    import H2: '#db8ccd'
    import gas: '#f7a572'
    import NH3: '#e2ed74'
    import oil: '#93eda2'
    import methanol: '#87d0e6'

Switch to retrieve the tutorial data set instead of the full data set.
type	boolean

Configuration for top level logging settings.
properties
level	Restrict console outputs to all infos, warning or errors only
	type	string
	enum	DEBUG, INFO, WARNING, ERROR, CRITICAL
format	Custom format for log messages. See LogRecord attributes.
	type	string

Configuration for top level remote settings.
properties
ssh	Optionally specify the SSH of a remote cluster to be synchronized.
	type	string
path	Optionally specify the file path within the remote cluster to be synchronized.
	type	string

Configuration for top level run settings.
properties
prefix	Prefix for the run name which is used as a top-layer directory name in the results and resources folders.
	type	string
name	Specify a name for your run. Results will be stored under this name. If `scenario: enable:` is set to `true`, the name must contain a subset of scenario names defined in `scenario: file:`. If the name is ‘all’, all defined scenarios will be run.
	examples	my-pypsa-eur-run
	anyOf	type	string
		type	array
		items	type	string
scenarios	Configuration for run.scenarios level.
	properties
	enable	Switch to select whether workflow should generate scenarios based on `file`.
		type	boolean
	file	Path to the scenario yaml file. The scenario file contains config overrides for each scenario. In order to be taken account, `run: scenarios` has to be set to `true` and `run: name` has to be a subset of top level keys given in the scenario file. In order to automatically create a scenario.yaml file based on a combination of settings, alter and use the `config/create_scenarios.py` script in the `config` directory.
		type	string
		examples	config/scenarios.yaml
disable_progressbar	Switch to select whether progressbar should be disabled.
	type	boolean
shared_resources	Configuration for run.shared_resources level.
	properties
	policy	Boolean switch to select whether resources should be shared across runs. If a string is passed, this is used as a subdirectory name for shared resources. If set to ‘base’, only resources before creating the elec.nc file are shared.
		examples	False
			base
		anyOf	type	boolean
			type	string
	exclude	For the case shared_resources=base, specify additional files that should not be shared across runs.
		type	array
		items	type	string
use_shadow_directory	Set to `true` (default) if snakemake shadow directories (`shallow`) should be used. Set to `false` if problems occur.
	type	boolean
	examples	True

Configuration for foresight settings.
type	string
enum	overnight, myopic, perfect

Configuration for top level scenario settings.
properties
clusters	List of `{clusters}` wildcards to run. Use ‘adm’ for administrative clustering mode, ‘all’ for all nodes.
	type	array
	items	anyOf	type	integer
			type	string
			enum	adm, all
opts	List of `{opts}` wildcards to run.
	type	array
	items	type	string
sector_opts	List of `{sector_opts}` wildcards to run.
	type	array
	items	type	string
planning_horizons	List of `{planning_horizon}` wildcards to run.
	type	array
	items	type	integer

Configuration for countries settings.
type	array
items	type	string

Configuration for snapshots settings.
properties
start	Left bound of date range.
	anyOf	type	string
		type	array
		items	type	string
end	Right bound of date range.
	anyOf	type	string
		type	array
		items	type	string
inclusive	Make the time interval closed to the left, right, or both sides both or neither side None.
	anyOf	type	string
		enum	left, right, both
		type	null

Configuration for enable settings.
properties
drop_leap_day	Switch to drop February 29 from all time-dependent data in leap years.
	type	boolean

Configuration for atlite settings.
properties
default_cutout	Defines a default cutout. Can refer to a single cutout or a list of cutouts.
	anyOf	type	string
		type	array
		items	type	string
nprocesses	Number of parallel processes in cutout preparation.
	type	integer
show_progress	Whether progressbar for atlite conversion processes should be shown. False saves time.
	type	boolean
cutouts	Named cutout configurations.
	type	object

Version of PyPSA-Eur. Descriptive only.
type	string

Configuration for onshore wind.
properties
cutout	Specifies the weather data cutout file(s) to use.
	anyOf	type	string
		type	array
		items	type	string
resource	Configuration for wind resource settings.
	properties
	method	A superordinate technology type.
		type	string
	turbine	Specifies the turbine type and its characteristic power curve. Can be a string or a dictionary with years as keys which denote the year another turbine model becomes available.
		anyOf	type	string
			type	object
	smooth	Switch to apply a gaussian kernel density smoothing to the power curve.
		type	boolean
	add_cutout_windspeed	Whether to add cutout windspeed data.
		type	boolean
resource_classes	Number of resource classes per clustered region.
	type	integer
capacity_per_sqkm	Allowable density of wind turbine placement.
	type	number
correction_factor	Correction factor for capacity factor time series.
	type	number
corine	Configuration for CORINE land cover settings.
	properties
	grid_codes	Specifies areas according to CORINE Land Cover codes which are generally eligible for wind turbine placement.
		type	array
		items	type	integer
	distance	Distance in meters to keep from areas specified in distance_grid_codes.
		type	number
	distance_grid_codes	Specifies areas according to CORINE Land Cover codes to which wind turbines must maintain a distance specified in the setting distance.
		type	array
		items	type	integer
luisa	LUISA land cover configuration.
	anyOf	type	boolean
		type	object
natura	Switch to exclude [Natura 2000](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natura_2000) natural protection areas. Area is excluded if true.
	type	boolean
excluder_resolution	Resolution in meters on which to perform geographical eligibility analysis.
	type	number
clip_p_max_pu	To avoid too small values in the renewables` per-unit availability time series values below this threshold are set to zero.
	type	number

Configuration for solar PV.
properties
cutout	Specifies the weather data cutout file(s) to use.
	anyOf	type	string
		type	array
		items	type	string
resource	Configuration for solar resource settings.
	properties
	method	A superordinate technology type.
		type	string
	panel	Specifies the solar panel technology and its characteristic attributes. Can be a string or a dictionary with years as keys which denote the year another panel model becomes available.
		anyOf	type	string
			type	object
	orientation	Panel orientation with slope and azimuth.
		type	object
	tracking	Tracking type (e.g., ‘horizontal’).
		anyOf	type	string
			type	null
resource_classes	Number of resource classes per clustered region.
	type	integer
capacity_per_sqkm	Allowable density of solar panel placement.
	type	number
correction_factor	A correction factor for the capacity factor (availability) time series.
	type	number
corine	Specifies areas according to CORINE Land Cover codes which are generally eligible for solar panel placement.
	type	array
	items	type	integer
luisa	Specifies areas according to the LUISA Base Map codes which are generally eligible for solar panel placement.
	anyOf	type	boolean
		type	array
		items	type	integer
natura	Switch to exclude [Natura 2000](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natura_2000) natural protection areas. Area is excluded if true.
	type	boolean
excluder_resolution	Resolution in meters on which to perform geographical eligibility analysis.
	type	number
clip_p_max_pu	To avoid too small values in the renewables` per-unit availability time series values below this threshold are set to zero.
	type	number

Configuration for hydropower.
properties
cutout	Specifies the weather data cutout file(s) to use.
	anyOf	type	string
		type	array
		items	type	string
carriers	Specifies the types of hydro power plants to build per-unit availability time series for. ‘ror’ stands for run-of-river plants, ‘PHS’ represents pumped-hydro storage, and ‘hydro’ stands for hydroelectric dams.
	type	array
	items	type	string
PHS_max_hours	Maximum state of charge capacity of the pumped-hydro storage (PHS) in terms of hours at full output capacity p_nom. Cf. [PyPSA documentation](https://pypsa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/components.html#storage-unit).
	type	number
hydro_max_hours	Maximum state of charge capacity of the pumped-hydro storage (PHS) in terms of hours at full output capacity p_nom or heuristically determined. Cf. [PyPSA documentation](https://pypsa.readthedocs.io/en/latest/components.html#storage-unit).
	anyOf	type	string
		type	number
flatten_dispatch	Consider an upper limit for the hydro dispatch. The limit is given by the average capacity factor plus the buffer given in flatten_dispatch_buffer.
	type	boolean
flatten_dispatch_buffer	If flatten_dispatch is true, specify the value added above the average capacity factor.
	type	number
clip_min_inflow	To avoid too small values in the inflow time series, values below this threshold (MW) are set to zero.
	type	number
eia_norm_year	To specify a specific year by which hydro inflow is normed that deviates from the snapshots’ year.
	anyOf	type	boolean
		type	integer
eia_correct_by_capacity	Correct EIA annual hydro generation data by installed capacity.
	type	boolean
eia_approximate_missing	Approximate hydro generation data for years not included in EIA dataset through a regression based on annual runoff.
	type	boolean

Configuration for conventional settings.
properties
unit_commitment	Allow the overwrite of ramp_limit_up, ramp_limit_start_up, ramp_limit_shut_down, p_min_pu, min_up_time, min_down_time, and start_up_cost of conventional generators. Refer to the CSV file ‘unit_commitment.csv’.
	type	boolean
dynamic_fuel_price	Consider the monthly fluctuating fuel prices for each conventional generator. Refer to the CSV file ‘data/validation/monthly_fuel_price.csv’.
	type	boolean
nuclear	For any carrier/technology overwrite attributes as listed below.
	type	object

Configuration for lines settings.
properties
types	Specifies line types to assume for the different voltage levels of the ENTSO-E grid extraction. Should normally handle voltage levels 220, 300, and 380 kV.
	type	object
s_max_pu	Correction factor for line capacities (s_nom) to approximate N-1 security and reserve capacity for reactive power flows.
	type	number
s_nom_max	Global upper limit for the maximum capacity of each extendable line (MW).
	type	number
max_extension	Upper limit for the extended capacity of each extendable line (MW).
	type	number
length_factor	Correction factor to account for the fact that buses are not connected by lines through air-line distance.
	type	number
reconnect_crimea	Whether to reconnect Crimea to the Ukrainian grid.
	type	boolean
under_construction	Specifies how to handle lines which are currently under construction.
	type	string
	enum	zero, remove, keep
dynamic_line_rating	Configuration for lines.dynamic_line_rating settings.
	properties
	activate	Whether to take dynamic line rating into account.
		type	boolean
	cutout	Specifies the weather data cutout file(s) to use.
		anyOf	type	string
			type	array
			items	type	string
	correction_factor	Factor to compensate for overestimation of wind speeds in hourly averaged wind data.
		type	number
	max_voltage_difference	Maximum voltage angle difference in degrees or ‘false’ to disable.
		anyOf	type	number
			type	boolean
			const	False
	max_line_rating	Maximum line rating relative to nominal capacity without DLR, e.g. 1.3 or ‘false’ to disable.
		anyOf	type	number
			type	boolean
			const	False

Configuration for links settings.
properties
p_max_pu	Correction factor for link capacities p_nom.
	type	number
p_min_pu	Correction factor for link capacities p_nom.
	type	number
p_nom_max	Global upper limit for the maximum capacity of each extendable DC link (MW).
	type	number
max_extension	Upper limit for the extended capacity of each extendable DC link (MW).
	type	number
length_factor	Correction factor to account for the fact that buses are not connected by links through air-line distance.
	type	number
under_construction	Specifies how to handle lines which are currently under construction.
	type	string
	enum	zero, remove, keep

Configuration for transmission_projects settings.
properties
enable	Whether to integrate this transmission projects or not.
	type	boolean
include	Configuration for transmission_projects.include settings.
	properties
	tyndp2020	Whether to integrate the TYNDP 2020 dataset.
		type	boolean
	nep	Whether to integrate the German network development plan dataset.
		type	boolean
	manual	Whether to integrate the manually added transmission projects. They are taken from the previously existing links_tyndp.csv file.
		type	boolean
skip	Type of lines to skip from all transmission projects. Possible values are: upgraded_lines, upgraded_links, new_lines, new_links.
	type	array
	items	type	string
status	Status to include into the model as list or as dict with name of project and status to include. Possible values for status are under_construction, in_permitting, confirmed, planned_not_yet_permitted, under_consideration.
	anyOf	type	array
		items	type	string
		type	object
new_link_capacity	Whether to set the new link capacity to the provided capacity or set it to zero.
	type	string
	enum	zero, keep

Configuration for transformers settings.
properties
x	Series reactance in per unit (p.u.), using s_nom as base power of the transformer. Overwritten if type is specified.
	type	number
s_nom	Limit of apparent power which can pass through branch (MVA). Overwritten if type is specified.
	type	number
type	Specifies transformer types to assume for the transformers of the ENTSO-E grid extraction.
	type	string

Configuration for load settings.
properties
fill_gaps	Configuration for load.fill_gaps settings.
	properties
	enable	Whether to fill gaps using interpolation for small gaps and time shift for large gaps.
		type	boolean
	interpolate_limit	Maximum gap size (consecutive nans) which interpolated linearly.
		type	integer
	time_shift_for_large_gaps	Periods which are used for copying time-slices in order to fill large gaps of nans. Have to be valid pandas period strings.
		type	string
manual_adjustments	Whether to adjust the load data manually according to the function in manual_adjustment.
	type	boolean
scaling_factor	Global correction factor for the load time series.
	type	number
fixed_year	To specify a fixed year for the load time series that deviates from the snapshots’ year.
	anyOf	type	integer
		type	boolean
supplement_synthetic	Whether to supplement missing data for selected time period should be supplemented by synthetic data from https://zenodo.org/records/10820928.
	type	boolean
distribution_key	Configuration for load.distribution_key settings.
	properties
	gdp	Weighting factor for the GDP data in the distribution key.
		type	number
	population	Weighting factor for the population data in the distribution key.
		type	number

Configuration for energy settings.
properties
energy_totals_year	The year for the sector energy use. The year must be available in the Eurostat report.
	type	integer
base_emissions_year	The base year for the sector emissions. See [European Environment Agency (EEA)](https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/national-emissions-reported-to-the-unfccc-and-to-the-eu-greenhouse-gas-monitoring-mechanism-16).
	type	integer
emissions	Specify which sectoral emissions are taken into account. Data derived from EEA. Currently only CO2 is implemented.
	type	string

Configuration

Contents

Configuration#

Configuration Files#

version#

tutorial#

logging#

remote#

run#

foresight#

scenario#

countries#

snapshots#

enable#

co2 budget#

electricity#

atlite#

renewable#

onwind#

offwind-x#

solar#

hydro#

conventional#

lines#

links#

transmission_projects#

transformers#

load#

energy#

biomass#

solar_thermal#

existing_capacities#

sector#

industry#

costs#

clustering#

adjustments#

solving#

data#

overpass_api#

secrets#

plotting#

`version`#

`tutorial`#

`logging`#

`remote`#

`run`#

`foresight`#

`scenario`#

`countries`#

`snapshots`#

`enable`#

`co2 budget`#

`electricity`#

`atlite`#

`renewable`#

`onwind`#

`offwind-x`#

`solar`#

`hydro`#

`conventional`#

`lines`#

`links`#

`transmission_projects`#

`transformers`#

`load`#

`energy`#

`biomass`#

`solar_thermal`#

`existing_capacities`#

`sector`#

`industry`#

`costs`#

`clustering`#

`adjustments`#

`solving`#

`data`#

`overpass_api`#

`secrets`#

`plotting`#

Configuration for biomass settings.
properties
year	Year for which to retrieve biomass potential according to the assumptions of the JRC ENSPRESO.
	type	integer
	maximum	2050
	minimum	2010
scenario	Scenario for which to retrieve biomass potential. The scenario definition can be seen in ENSPRESO_BIOMASS.
	type	string
	enum	ENS_Low, ENS_Med, ENS_High
classes	Configuration for biomass.classes settings.
	properties
	solid biomass	The comodity that are included as solid biomass.
		type	array
		items	type	string
	not included	The comodity that are not included as a biomass potential.
		type	array
		items	type	string
	biogas	The comodity that are included as biogas.
		type	array
		items	type	string
	municipal solid waste	The commodities that are included as municipal solid waste.
		type	array
		items	type	string
share_unsustainable_use_retained	Share of unsustainable biomass use retained using primary production of Eurostat data as reference.
	type	object
share_sustainable_potential_available	Share determines phase-in of ENSPRESO biomass potentials.
	type	object

Configuration for solar_thermal settings.
properties
clearsky_model	Type of clearsky model for diffuse irradiation.
	type	string
	enum	simple, enhanced
orientation	Configuration for solar_thermal.orientation settings.
	properties
	slope	The angle between the ground and the panels.
		type	number
	azimuth	The angle between the North and the sun with panels on the local horizon.
		type	number
cutout	Name of the cutout to use for solar thermal calculations.
	type	string

Configuration for existing_capacities settings.
properties
grouping_years_power	Intervals to group existing capacities for power.
	type	array
	items	type	integer
grouping_years_heat	Intervals to group existing capacities for heat.
	type	array
	items	type	integer
threshold_capacity	Capacities (MW) of generators and links below threshold are removed during add_existing_capacities.
	type	number
default_heating_lifetime	Default lifetime for heating technologies (years).
	type	integer
conventional_carriers	List of conventional power plants to include in the sectoral network.
	type	array
	items	type	string

Configuration for costs settings.
properties
year	Year for which to retrieve cost assumptions of data/costs/primary/<version>/costs_<year>.csv.
	type	integer
social_discountrate	Social discount rate to compare costs in different investment periods. 0.02 corresponds to a social discount rate of 2%.
	type	number
fill_values	Configuration for costs.fill_values settings.
	properties
	FOM	Default fixed operation and maintenance cost.
		type	number
	VOM	Default variable operation and maintenance cost.
		type	number
	efficiency	Default efficiency.
		type	number
	fuel	Default fuel cost.
		type	number
	investment	Default investment cost.
		type	number
	lifetime	Default lifetime in years.
		type	integer
	CO2 intensity	Default CO2 intensity.
		type	number
	discount rate	Default discount rate.
		type	number
	standing losses	Default standing losses.
		type	number
custom_cost_fn	Path to the custom costs file. None if it should not be used. Default data/custom_costs.csv contains minor adjustments for stabilising the optimisation results.
	anyOf	type	string
		type	null
overwrites	For the given parameters and technologies, assumptions about their parameter are overwritten the corresponding value of the technology.
	type	object
capital_cost	For the given technologies, assumptions about their capital investment costs are set to the corresponding value. Optional; overwrites cost assumptions from resources/costs.csv.
	type	object
marginal_cost	For the given technologies, assumptions about their marginal operating costs are set to the corresponding value. Optional; overwrites cost assumptions from resources/costs.csv.
	type	object
emission_prices	Configuration for costs.emission_prices settings.
	properties
	enable	Add cost for a carbon-dioxide price configured in costs: emission_prices: co2 to marginal_cost of generators. Config setting can also be enabled with the keyword Ep in the {opts} wildcard for electricity-only runs.
		type	boolean
	co2	Exogenous price of carbon-dioxide. In electricity-only runs it is added to the marginal costs of fossil-fuelled generators according to their carbon intensity, while for sector networks it applies to emissions ending up in CO2 atmosphere.
		anyOf	type	number
			type	object
	co2_monthly_prices	Add monthly cost for a carbon-dioxide price based on historical values built by the rule build_monthly_prices.
		type	boolean

Configuration for top-level adjustments key.
properties
electricity	Parameter adjustments applied in prepare_network.
	anyOf	type	boolean
		Configuration for adjustment settings (factor/absolute)
		properties
		factor	Multiply original value with given factor
			anyOf	type	boolean
				type	object
		absolute	Set attribute to absolute value. Can be also a dictionary with planning horizons as keys.
			anyOf	type	boolean
				type	object
sector	Parameter adjustments applied in prepare_sector_network.
	anyOf	type	boolean
		Configuration for adjustment settings (factor/absolute)
		properties
		factor	Multiply original value with given factor
			anyOf	type	boolean
				type	object
		absolute	Set attribute to absolute value. Can be also a dictionary with planning horizons as keys.
			anyOf	type	boolean
				type	object

Configuration for overpass_api settings.
properties
url	Overpass API endpoint URL. See `https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Overpass_API#Public_Overpass_API_instances`_ for available public instances.
	type	string
max_tries	Maximum retry attempts for Overpass API requests. Please be respectful to the Overpass API fair use policy of the individual instances.
	type	integer
timeout	Timeout in seconds for Overpass API requests.
	type	integer
user_agent	Configuration for overpass_api.user_agent settings.
	properties
	project_name	Project name used to identify the user agent of the Overpass API requests.
		type	string
	email	Contact email address for the project using the Overpass API.
		type	string
	website	Website URL for the project using the Overpass API.
		type	string

Configuration for top level secrets settings.
properties
corine	API token for corine dataset retrieval. You can also pass the token by setting the environment variable “CORINE_API_TOKEN”. See scripts/retrieve_corine_dataset_primary.py for more instructions.
	type	string